Commuting and wellbeing: a critical overview of the literature with implications for policy and future research

ABSTRACT

This review provides a critical overview of what has been learnt about commuting’s impact on subjective wellbeing (SWB). It is structured around a conceptual model which assumes commuting can affect SWB over three time horizons: (i) during the journey; (ii) immediately after the journey; and (iii) over the longer term. Our assessment of the evidence shows that mood is lower during the commute than other daily activities and stress can be induced by congestion, crowding and unpredictability. People who walk or cycle to work are generally more satisfied with their commute than those who travel by car and especially those who use public transport. Satisfaction decreases with duration of commute, regardless of mode used, and increases when travelling with company. After the journey, evidence shows that the commute experience “spills over” into how people feel and perform at work and home. However, a consistent link between commuting and life satisfaction overall has not been established. The evidence suggests that commuters are generally successful in trading off the drawbacks of longer and more arduous commute journeys against the benefits they bring in relation to overall life satisfaction, but further research is required to understand the decision making involved. The evidence review points to six areas that warrant policy action and research: (i) enhancing the commute experience; (ii) increasing commute satisfaction; (iii) reducing the impacts of long duration commutes; (iv) meeting commuter preferences; (v) recognising flexibility and constraints in commuting routines and (vi) accounting for SWB impacts of commuting in policy making and appraisal.     

汽车关门声品质主客观维度解构及应用研究

通过对关门声品质主观评价维度进行解构,将关门声的主观感知细分为总体响度、厚重感、紧凑感、精致感4个维度,并采用语义细分法结合等级评价法进行关门声品质的主观感知评价。进一步对声品质评价的大量客观参数进行主客观关联性分析,找到了与关门声品质4个感知维度相关性在0.9以上的对应客观量化指标,分别为峰值响度、低频能量、响度特征谱包络和平均尖锐。结合某乘用车关门声品质的优化案例,对提出的主客观评价方法的合理性进行了验证,结果表明,所建立的主客观评价方法,可以全面表达人对关门声品质的主观感知评价,在车门声品质开发过程中能较准确地诊断问题,对汽车关门声品质的评价与开发具有实际指导意义。     

主观评价在整车试验验证中的应用

介绍客车主观评价项目及主观评价方法,并对主观评价开展过程中存在的问题进行分析,最后提出完善措施.     

关联模式的新颖性研究

简要介绍了模式的主观兴趣度度量,讨论了模式与用户期望的匹配程度以及模式与领域知识的差异程度,分别从这两个方面定义了模式的新颖性度量。综合考虑领域知识和用户的参与,提出了一种新的新颖性模式评价策略。     

Findings from subjective evaluations and driver ratings of vehicle dynamics: steering and handling

This paper investigates subjective assessments (SA) of vehicle handling and steering feel tests, both numerical and verbal, to understand drivers’ use of judgement scales, rating tendencies and spread. Two different test methods are compared: a short multi-vehicle first-impression test with predefined-driving vs the standard extensive single-vehicle free-driving tests, both offering very similar results but with the former saving substantial testing time. Rating repeatability is evaluated by means of a blind test. Key SA questions are identified by numerical subjective assessment autocorrelations and by generating word clouds from the most used terms in verbal assessments, with both methods leading to similar key parameters. The results exposed in this paper enable better understanding of SA, allowing improving the overall subjective testing and evaluation process, and improving the data collection and analysis process needed before identifying correlations between SA and objective metrics.     

乘务员、旅客对列车厕所的主观评价

采用主观询问的方法对列车直排式和密闭式的清扫方式，是否有臭味，以及对厕所排泄方式的选择进行了调查。结果表示：９７．５０％的乘务员认为密闭抽真空式厕所清扫方便，一次冲洗能干净（８７．５０％），１００％选择密闭轴真空式厕所。旅客对厕所臭味的评价，无论是工人农民，干部及其他人群认为密闭式厕所无臭味均在８０％以上。     

基于ASP的主观题模糊测评功能的设计与实现

主要介绍了网络化课程教学中,在线评价主观题的模糊测评系统的设计,以及利用活动的服务器页(ASP)和数据库具体实现的方法。     

一种动车组司机座椅的人机工程评估

采用问卷调查的方式对同一款司机座椅在不同线路上进行调研,获得列车司机对司机座椅的问题反馈,对比分析UIC651:2002和TB/T 3264:2011设计标准,对司机座椅进行了几何适配性分析.在此基础上,针对中国人体尺寸特征,进行了静应力分析和主观性评价.获得了此种司机座椅的适合中国成年男子人体尺寸特征的整改意见.     

一种永磁同步电机声品质主观评价方法研究

对永磁同步电机的稳态信号声品质进行了分析,并以声压级、响度、尖锐度、语音清晰度、波动度、粗糙度和音调度作为评价指标,建立了永磁同步电机声品质评价体系.采用分组成对比较法进行了主观评价,通过Bradley-Terry算法对评价结果进行了优化处理,分别搭建多元线性回归预测模型和MPGA-RBF预测模型,通过预留的检验样本对...     

一种基于主观逻辑的无线传感器网络可信路由算法

无线传感器网络中高敏感度数据传输业务要求路由协议设计时必须考虑能量与安全约束.LEAcH分簇路由算法没有考虑节点与所选路径的安全性,文中提出的基于主观逻辑的可信LEACH路由算法(TLEACH_BSL)充分考虑节点可信度评价,对改进前后路由算法作了理论性分析及仿真实验比较,为可信路由算法体系的研究提供了思路.