腹地经济发展对港口吞吐量影响的动态研究

腹地经济规模和经济结构的变化影响着港口的发展方向，但是一般的静态回归模型中解释变量参数是固定的，无法反应腹地各种影响因素变化对港口吞吐量产生的动态影响，而变参数状态空间模型克服了这一缺陷，解释变量的参数可以随时间改变，充分体现了解释变量对因变量影响关系的改变，因此能够更加准确反映考察期内腹地各种因素对港口吞吐量的动态影响。在介绍模型的基础上，就东北经济对大连港集装箱吞吐量影响进行了实证研究，得出了较为详尽的结论，这些结论是港口未来发展的重要决策依据。     

基于频谱检测的短波认知用户性能优化

为保证短波通信传输可靠性,改善短波通信质量,提高短波通信频谱利用率,本文以Watterson短波信道模型为基础,研究基于频谱检测的短波认知用户性能优化方法。首先建立短波授权用户的业务量指数分布通信模型,在此基础上求取衡量认知用户检测性能的检测门限、检测概率和虚警概率之间的关系。重点分析一定授权用户干扰容限下,认知用户系统吞吐量最优化问题,通过数值理论简化得到可控参数的最优化近似解。最后在理想信道、好信道、中等信道和差信道上,分别从检测时间、数据帧长和授权用户业务量对认知用户系统吞吐量的影响进行评估。仿真结果验证了基于频谱检测的短波通信系统中存在可控参数的最优解。     

Optimal concession contracts for landlord port authorities with different pursuing goals

This paper investigates how landlord port authorities should offer concession contracts to their terminal operators under two different goals, by building a two-stage game for each goal. If maximizing the weighted sum of fee revenues and throughout benefits is port authorities’ goal, then the optimal concession contract can be any of the two-part tariff, the unit-fee, and the fixed-fee contracts. Accordingly, our special cases include previous works assuming that port authorities maximize either fee revenues or throughput benefits. By contrast, if maximizing the social welfare is the goal, then we find that subsidizing terminal operators, instead of charging them, is port authorities’ best choice. This result is not yet discovered in the literature.     

An optimal data-splitting algorithm for aircraft scheduling on a single runway to maximize throughput

In this research, we present a data-splitting algorithm to optimally solve the aircraft sequencing problem (ASP) on a single runway under both segregated and mixed-mode of operation. This problem is formulated as a 0–1 mixed-integer program (MIP), taking into account several realistic constraints, including safety separation standards, wide time-windows, and constrained position shifting, with the objective of maximizing the total throughput. Varied scenarios of large scale realistic instances of this problem, which is NP-hard in general, are computationally difficult to solve with the direct use of commercial solver as well as existing state-of-the-art dynamic programming method. The design of the algorithm is based on a recently introduced data-splitting algorithm which uses the divide-and-conquer paradigm, wherein the given set of flights is divided into several disjoint subsets, each of which is optimized using 0–1 MIP while ensuring the optimality of the entire set. Computational results show that the difficult instances can be solved in real-time and the solution is efficient in comparison to the commercial solver and dynamic programming, using both sequential, as well as parallel, implementation of this pleasingly parallel algorithm.     

西部原油管道输量与能耗分析

为降低西部原油管道管输能耗,通过计算管道在不同季节、不同流量下的摩阻损耗,结合管道参数和输油泵特性曲线,分析得出影响输油生产单位能耗的因素包括管输流量和输油温度。进一步计算得出了不同流量和不同季节对应的输油生产单耗。结果表明,流量对输油生产单耗影响较大,西部原油管道管输流量在1 000~1 400 m~3/h区间时生产单耗相对较低;流量大于1 600 m3/h时,生产单耗随流量上升接近线性增长。而输油温度对生产单耗的影响较小,同一流量下冬季生产单耗略高于夏季生产单耗。     

广东省港口煤炭吞吐量需求及码头吞吐能力适应性分析

文章从广东省煤炭分区域、分行业消耗结构分析着手,总结了广东省煤炭供应及运输系统现状情况及特点,在重点分析广东省煤炭消耗需求的影响性因素的基础上,分析了广东省煤炭需求、未来煤炭来源地供应以及煤炭运输结构等方面的发展趋势。在预测2015年和2020年广东省煤炭吞吐量的基础上,分析了广东省煤炭码头吞吐能力的适应性,并归纳总结了六点主要结论。     

基于系统动力学的港口吞吐量预测模型

将系统动力学方法应用于港口吞吐量预测模型。考虑了各种主要因素对港口吞吐量的影响，较好地解决了港口吞吐量预测方法中考虑系统因素较少的问题以及经济、社会发展水平的不确定性等影响港口吞吐量预测所产生的误差问题。采用宁波市港口各相关统计数据对模型进行了仿真和验证．结果证明该模型有效、可行。     

新冠肺炎疫情对交通运输行业的影响及政策建议

2019年底开始的新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情对交通运输行业造成了明显冲击。为分析疫情对当前交通运输行业带来的影响,重点从客运、货运、港口生产、交通固定资产投资四方面进行了研究。然后,提出了四方面政策建议,包括加强交通运输疫情防控、积极发挥交通投资稳定器作用、加大高速公路通行服务保障和确保关系国计民生的重点物资基本运输需求,以便为各级交通运输管理部门决策提供参考,争取将疫情对行业的影响降到最低程度。     

Evolving competition between Hong Kong and Shenzhen ports

Shenzhen Port (SZP), once a negligible local port, has risen dramatically to a world-leading container port and an “equal” player with Hong Kong Port (HKP). Will this market share reallocation continue, or will equilibrium be eventually realized for HKP to prosper continuously? We examine the relationship between these two ports to answer this question. We propose a new transformation method to describe the growth of container cargo transport demand, define the quantitative measures of the competition relationship and port competitiveness, and present a rigorous analytical framework with econometric tests and models to understand the true relationship between HKP and SZP. Direct empirical tests suggest that SZP complements HKP; however, the two ports exhibit strong competition when the effect of demand growth is excluded. Considering transshipment separately, we find that the impact of SZP on HKP is negative in transshipment but complementary in direct shipment. We may conclude that HKP does not affect SZP, whereas SZP has competitive power over HKP. These results are consistent with the findings of some previous theoretical studies.     

用海港规范公式计算大型石油码头通过能力存在的缺陷和弥补方向

在工程实践中发现,目前测算装卸油品码头年通过能力所用的《港口总平面设计规范》中有关规定的理论条件与实际情况之间有一定的偏离。笔者试图分析这种偏离可划属的理论范畴和可能的纠正方向。