A review of the Effect of α/W ratio on fracture toughness （Ⅱ） experimental investigation in LEFM

In part I of this series, experimental investigation in EPFM （elastic-plastic fracture mechanics） had been discussed. In this paper, experimental investigation in LEFM （ linear elastic fracture mechanics） is given. Fracture toughness tests had been carried out on three different strength steels, using both through-cracked specimens with different α/W ratio and semi-elliptical cracked specimens with variable crack size and shape. Results show that the fracture toughness KIC increases with decreasing α/W when α/W 〈 0.3 for three-point-bend specimens, and that for α/W 〉 0.3, it is independent of α/W. Shallow crack specimens, both through-cracked and surface-cracked, gave markedly higher values than deeply notched specimens. However, the effect of crack shape on fracture toughness is negligible. Results also show that the LEFM approach to fracture is not tenable for design stresses where αc is often very small, far less than 2.5 （ KIC/σy）^2.     

钢纤维混凝土力学性能和弯曲韧性研究

为研究钢纤维混凝土的力学性能、弯曲韧性及最优钢纤维掺量,进行掺量为25、30、35、40 kg/m3的4组(每组15根)钢纤维混凝土切口梁试验。通过对荷载-挠度变化规律曲线分析,发现钢纤维掺入对混凝土开裂后的力学性能、弯曲韧性有显著提高,开裂后荷载二次峰值较初裂荷载最大提高了41.5%;基于CECS 13∶2009标准,分析钢纤维混凝土的能量吸收和弯曲韧性比,获得单位质量钢纤维能量吸收与钢纤维掺量的曲线关系,并推导弯曲韧性比与钢纤维掺量间的关系式,结果认为掺量为36 kg/m3时钢纤维能够最大程度发挥其弯曲韧性作用。     

船用EH36高强钢无缝药芯焊丝焊接接头组织和冲击韧性研究

本文以SRSF501无缝药芯焊丝在船用EH36高强钢中的焊接应用为目的,研究了国产无缝药芯焊丝SRSF501在船用EH36高强钢焊接中的组织和冲击韧性。通过试验表明：SRSF501焊接EH36钢接头各区域的冲击性能均满足船级社要求;多层多道焊时,焊缝组织由粗大的柱状组织和细小的等轴晶组织组成,底层焊缝和末道焊缝柱状晶区域较大;盖面层两侧接头热影响区存在粗晶区,其它位置接头的热影响区不存在粗晶区;焊接接头中熔合线外2mm处,晶粒最细,冲击韧性最好。     

X80管线钢管的屈强比对其失效评估曲线的影响

X80及以上级别管线钢管的高屈强比是工程应用中的一个突出问题,失效评估曲线是其安全评定的重要依据。文中通过单轴拉伸和断裂韧性试验建立了高屈强比X80管线钢管的特征失效评估图及拟合方程。结果表明：随着钢管屈强比升高,失效评估曲线的截至线（最大载荷比）降低;高、低屈强比钢管的评估曲线在载荷比大于某一临界值时发生分离,且高屈强比钢管的评估曲线处于低屈强比钢管的评估曲线之下;高屈强比钢管的选择3评估曲线比选择1和选择2曲线更偏于安全。     

厚钢板CTOD试验中试样数量问题研究

针对试样数量的选择的问题,按照CTOD韧性试验规范BS7448,对多批不同试样进行试验,并分析和对比试验结果.发现由于离散性的存在,按NS-EN 10225-2009与《材料与焊接规范》要求的传统取样数量并不能准确地判断材料的韧性.参考DNV-OS-C401关于焊接接头CTOD特征值的选择方法,讨论3种试样选取的方法.最后考虑多方面的因素,建议每次制备6个试验试样.     

The effect of plastic constraint on the initiation of ductile tears in shipbuilding structural steels

In this paper, the effect of plastic constraint on the initiation of ductile tears in four different shipbuilding structural steels has been experimentally studied by measuring the J-integral and crack opening displacement COD at initiation in three-point bend specimens with deep and shallow notches. Experimental results of seven groups of different strength alloy steels show that both Si and Ji values of ductile tear from the shallow crack specimens which have less constraint flow field are significantly higher than those of deeply notched specimens. Slip-line-field analysis shows that, for shallow crack, the hydrostatic stress is lower than that from standard deeply cracked bend specimen, which develops a high level of crack tip constraint, provides a lower bound estimate of toughness, and will ensure an unduly conservative approach when applied to structural defects, especially if initiation values of COD and J-integral are used.     

A review of the effect of a/W ratio on fracture toughness (I) —experimental investigation in EPFM

1INTRODUCTION Crackopeningdisplacement(COD)andtheJ in tegralastwoimportantfracture characterizingparame tersinelastic plasticfracturemechanics,arealready welldevelopedandusedinindustrialapplications.However,deeplycrackedstandardlaboratory specimenwhichhasahighlevelofconstraintmaynot alwaysberepresentativeofthosefoundinstructural components.Structuralcomponentsoftenexhibitcom parativelyshallowandsurface breaking,andtheplas ticflowassociatedwiththemreachesthesurfaceofthe component.Inthisca…     

运用二阶摄动方法预测焊接点疲劳微弯裂纹的路径发展

利用二阶摄动方法分析研究了轻微弯曲疲劳裂纹尖端应力强度因子的变化幅度,进一步得到了在循环载荷下直线裂纹微弯延伸尖端应力强度因子变化幅值的近似表达式.以匹配渐进扩张的形式考虑了远区域边界条件的效果,研究了裂尖附近的渐进应力场.利用Irwin公式计算出了由于裂纹发展而引起的应变能释放率变化幅值.预测了在具有非均匀断裂韧度的物质中裂纹的延伸.考虑了循环载荷、残余应力,以及由于焊接而引起的物质衰变等因素,利用了二阶摄动方法预测了沿着焊接点传播的弹脆性裂纹路径.     

聚丙烯纤维网混凝土的动力学性能

研究了聚丙烯纤维网混凝土的动力学性能.研究结果表明聚丙烯纤维网对提高混凝土抗折强度有显著作用,并可降低压折比,尤为突出的是其弯曲疲劳性能和冲击韧性大幅提高.     

金相剖面法确定13CrMo44钢及焊接接头区的断裂韧性值

本文采用金相剖面法,通过测定压力容器用钢13CrMo44钢及焊接接头各区裂纹尖端饱和伸张区高度(SZD),来确定焊接接头不均匀体各区的断裂韧性.该法能把焊接接头各区的组织特征、微观断口形貌同断裂力学宏观参数紧密结合起来,克服了以往诸方法难以使裂纹尖端准确达到预定位置的缺陷.试验结果表明:用 P_5焊条手弧焊对接的焊接接头断裂韧性只有母材的一半,熔合区断裂韧性最低,是结构的最薄弱环节.焊接接头各区的断裂韧性值为合理评定压力容器缺陷,正确估算剩余寿命提供了依据.