���ڽ�ͨ���Ʋ���������΢�۽�ͨβ��ģ����ʵ������

许多研究表明机动车的尾气排放量与车辆的瞬时速度、加速度密切相关。为了制定控制机动车尾气排放的有效策略，必须建立一个能够模拟车辆瞬间运行状况的微观模拟平台来评估机动车尾气排放。本文结合微观交通模拟模型VISSIM和微观尾气模型CMEM，建立了微观交通尾气模拟平台。选取北京市海淀区的部分主要道路构建实例分析路网，并对其交通运行状况和尾气排放进行评价。本文首先建立了车辆的瞬间尾气排放率、燃料消耗率与瞬时速度、加速度之间的关系；然后，对研究路网的各种车型的尾气排放量进行分析和计算；最后，通过两个假设方案，对不同的交通管理与控制策略对于尾气排放的影响进行分析。     

Real world vehicle emissions: Their correlation with driving parameters

Vehicular population in developing countries is expected to proliferate in the coming decade, centred on Tier II and Tier III cities rather than large metropolis. WLTP is being introduced as a global instrument for emission regulation to reduce gap between standard test procedures and actual road conditions. This work aims at quantifying and discernment of the gap between WLTC and real-world conditions in an urban city in a developing country on the basis of driving cycle parameters and simulated emissions for gasoline fuelled light passenger cars. Real world driving patterns were recorded on different routes and varying traffic conditions using car-chasing technique integrated with GPS monitoring and speed sensors. Real-world driving patterns and ambient conditions were used to simulate emissions using International Vehicle Emissions model for average rate (g/km) and Comprehensive Modal Emissions Model for instantaneous emission (g/s) analysis. Cycle parameters were mathematically calculated to compare WLTC and road trips. The analyses revealed a large gap between WLTC and road conditions. CO emissions were predicted to be 155% higher than WLTC and HC and NOx emissions were estimated to be 63% and 64% higher respectively. These gaps were correlated to different driving cycle parameters. It was observed that road driving occurs at lower average speeds with higher frequency and magnitudes of accelerations. The positive kinetic energy required by road cycles, was 100% higher than WLTC and the Relative Positive Acceleration (RPA) demanded by road cycles, was found to be 60% higher in real-world driving patterns and thereby contribute to higher emissions.     

交通管理与控制对城市隧道机动车尾气排放的影响

选取城市中受污染较为严重的隧道为研究对象,在对交通量、道路特征等方面进行详细调查的基础上,联合微观交通仿真和机动车尾气排放模型,提出了交通尾气污染仿真计算方法,分析了不同交通管理控制手段对隧道内机动车尾气污染物排放的影响。以南京九华山隧道为例,基于VISSIM软件和CMEM模型构建了相应的仿真平台,模拟车速限制、车型限制、单双号限行等管理措施对尾气排放的影响。研究表明:该方法能够较好的模拟城市隧道中机动车的运行及尾气的排放。     

临时养护区CMEM模型的微观仿真参数标定

为了保证汽车尾气排放计算的准确性, 对临时养护区微观仿真模型进行参数标定。以河南许尉高速公路某临时养护区为例, 通过现场调查获取交通数据, 建立VISSIM交通仿真模型。根据实测数据对交通量与交通组成等宏观参数进行标定, 对期望速度、期望加速度采用特征点数值进行微观参数标定。利用正交试验法标定车头时距、跟车变量、进入跟车状态的阈值和振动加速度4种跟车模型参数。根据有效的仿真结果确定了期望速度与行驶速度之间的数值关系。利用有效的仿真数据结合CMEM模型进行临时养护区汽车尾气排放量计算, 得到了基于路段平均速度的尾气排放计算公式。分析结果表明: 宏观参数标定后的仿真速度与实测速度存在明显差异, 客车与货车速度的平均相对误差分别为11.36%与35.12%;结合微观参数标定后, 仿真速度与实测速度的平均相对误差均控制在3%以内, 客车与货车的期望速度分别为行驶速度的1.270、1.165倍; 仿真模型标定后的尾气排放量与实测值的相对误差均小于7%, 模型标定效果显著。     

考虑环境影响的公交专用道规划方案评价研究

本文将对照城市交通可持续发展的要求,将燃油消耗和尾气排放作为环境评价指标纳入城市公交专用道规划方案的评价过程当中,将VISSIM模型与CMEM模型整合成微观交通尾气模拟平台以输出决策过程所需要的交通和环境评价指标值。采用层次分析法确定各评价指标的权重,并以各方案的灰色关联度作为评价准则,建立了方案决策模型。以南京市太平北路为例,分析对该路段设置路侧公交专用道和路中公交专用道对整个路段的交通和环境影响,结果表明是否考虑规划对环境的影响所得到的结果不同．