Competitiveness of container terminal operating companies in South Korea and the industry–university–government network

Burgeoning container port facilities have fostered intensified competition among container terminal operating companies (CTOCs). However, despite research into their survival strategies which identified antecedents of competitiveness including hard factors such as facilities, available cargo and cargo processing ability, softer factors spanning human resource management, networks and strategic alliances with universities and government agencies in industry–university–government (I–U–G) networks have been overlooked. This study aims to examine both hard and softer antecedents of competitiveness as perceived by 152 professionals in South Korean CTOCs; empirical relationships among these antecedents, I–U–G networks, and competitiveness itself; and the significance of the I–U–G network in establishing and improving competitiveness. Posited antecedents of competitiveness included human resources, facilities, service quality, customer orientation, reputation, and government support policy as independent variables; the I–U–G network as a moderating variable; and competitiveness as a dependent variable. Empirical structural relationships revealed that excepting government support policy, each variable significantly affected CTOC competitiveness. Further, the I–U–G network moderated the relationships between the antecedents of competitiveness and competitiveness. Because an effective I–U–G network was pivotal in controlling CTOC competitiveness, improved competitiveness requires not only differentiation of human resources, facilities, service quality, customer orientation, and reputation factors but also I–U–G network developments.     

遵小铁路运输宽城砂石骨料市场竞争力探讨

按照国家及地方推进运输结构调整要求,砂石骨料作为建材市场的大宗货物,基于遵小铁路续扩建工程,宽城的砂石骨料积极推进其供给侧改革及运输"公转铁",加快实现公路运输方式向铁路运输方式的转变。在阐述砂石骨料市场、遵小铁路运输市场、遵小铁路运输径路的基础上,通过构建砂石骨料市场竞争力模型,对京津冀区域砂石骨料市场竞争力进行分析。结果表明,宽城砂石骨料经遵小铁路外运至京津冀区域具备市场竞争力。最后从提高砂石骨料生产品质、加强砂石骨料运输组织、铁路实施差异化运价等方面对提高遵小铁路运输宽城砂石骨料市场竞争力进行探讨,为资源型城市发展砂石骨料绿色生产及运输提供借鉴。     

Cluster analysis of the competitiveness of container ports in Brazil

The container cargo proportion of total maritime transport increased from 3% in 1980 to 16% in 2011. The largest Brazilian port, the port of Santos, is the 42nd largest container port in the world. However, Santos’ performance indicators are much lower than those of the world’s largest ports, so comparisons with them are difficult. This article focuses on the Brazilian container terminals that handled containers in 2009 and compares port competitiveness. This study classified seventeen Brazilian container terminals into three distinct groups based on the following competitiveness criteria: number of containers handled, berth length, number of berths, terminal tariffs (in US$), berth depth, rate of medium consignment (in containers/ship), medium board (containers/hour), average waiting time for mooring (in hours/ship), and average waiting time for load or unload cargo (in hours/ship). This classification used a hierarchical cluster analysis. The classification shows that the terminal of Tecon in the port of Santos has the best performance of all, while small terminals (<150,000 container units) are the worst performing terminals in Brazil.     

我国造船企业竞争力研究

通过对我国造船业进行三维定位分析,得出影响造船企业竞争力的八大因素,在此基础上建立了造船企业竞争力评价指标体系,并运用层次分析法对各个指标赋予权重。通过对我国20家造船企业的竞争力进行实证分析,详细分析造船企业竞争力现状,并从政府和企业两个层面提出提升我国造船企业整体竞争力的对策。     

第三方整车物流企业竞争力影响要素分析

结合竞争力理论,从企业和客户两个角度,运用理论及调查方法对第三方汽车整车物流企业竞争力影响要素的重要性从整车生产厂家和整车物流企业两者进行分析,总结得出两者对影响竞争力因素的重要性有着相同的观点,按重要性依次为企业诚信、物流网络覆盖范围、服务质量、物流管理柔性、信息技术水平、基础设施能力。     

Enhancing the competitiveness of Korea’s container shipping industry through structural improvements

ABSTRACT

After the collapse of Hanjin Shipping in 2016, Korea faced the task of reconstructing its container shipping industry by enhancing the competitiveness of its shipping companies in a rapidly evolving market environment. Responding to this need for policy design, this study first attempts to understand the industry based on the shipping ecosystem, which comprises the following four areas: shipping finance, collection of cargo, acquisition of ships, and partnership among carriers. Second, it lists the structural problems, along with the remedial policy alternatives, that were identified after conducting in-depth interviews with industry experts, which included mid-level managers. Third, it conducts an importance-performance analysis to classify problems according to their importance and performance, followed by an analytic hierarchy process analysis to define the priorities of policy alternatives. Finally, drawing on the empirical results, the paper concludes with suggestions on an integrated policy package for the container shipping industry.     

我国航运服务业国际竞争力分析

从航运服务业国际竞争力的内涵出发,根据波特的国际竞争力理论,从要素条件、需求因素、相关和辅助性产业因素等多个层面分析我国航运服务业国际竞争力的现状,并提出政策建议.     

汽车设计创意研究(续1)

为打造有竞争力的汽车产品,除了具备可靠的质量、良好的做工等因素外,也要有一定的设计创意。汽车设计创意领域广阔,如车内安全逃生拉手、巧妙储物空间及防爆轮胎等。这些设计创意的应用使得人们用车更舒适、更贴心、更安全。文章通过对各种汽车设计创意的简单分析,阐述了汽车厂商为人、车、生活一体概念所做的汽车创意设计,并得出中国汽车需要创意设计以打造有竞争力汽车产品的结论。     

国际集装箱多式联运与东部港口竞争力分析

从北方中西部地区外贸货物国际集装箱多式联运的路径优化分析入手，分别通过对经上海、青岛和连云港转运的全程广义运输成本的估算，以及概率型交通量分配模型的应用，就我国东部港口之间的竞争力水平进行了实证研究。