基于乘客寻路行为的城市轨道交通车站导向标识序化设置研究

为实现轨道交通车站内客流快速疏散,避免因乘客滞留造成站内乘客出行效率低以及大客流压力导致的安全隐患等问题,本文对目前国内导向标识的设置原则及功能进行描述,依托大数据等信息化技术分析行人寻路行为机理及出行特征与导向标识序化设置间的关系,研究导向标识的序化设置,依据行人在不同交通设施的步行速度及信息处理时间,并提出在站内停顿点数量较多的通道、楼梯口及闸机处设置导向标识的位置,进而对导向标识的设置进行人性化和合理化的优化设置,对轨道车站内停顿点位置进行导向标识的合理布设,以快速引导行人进行出行决策,减少停顿点数量。     

An approach to optimize the settings of actuated signals

Traffic-actuated signal employs relatively complex control logic to regulate traffic flow.Introduction of control variables into the traffic-actuated system contributes to system operational flexibility and complexity,and also complicates the system with uncertainties.The paper proposes two tentative methods to optimize the actuated signal parameters:basic requirements of controller parameters and analytical model,and macroscopic computer simulation.It is concluded that when the actuated signal operates wit...     

互通立交与服务区、停车区合并设置方案探讨

文章阐述了在条件受限时,一般互通立交与服务区、停车区合并设置在几何设计方面存在的问题,并结合工程实践提出互通立交与服务区、停车区合并设置的建设方案,为今后进一步的研究提供参考。     

Mobility and environment improvement of signalized networks through Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) communications

Traffic signals, even though crucial for safe operations of busy intersections, are one of the leading causes of travel delays in urban settings, as well as the reason why billions of gallons of fuel are burned, and tons of toxic pollutants released to the atmosphere each year by idling engines. Recent advances in cellular networks and dedicated short-range communications make Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) communications a reality, as individual cars and traffic signals can now be equipped with communication and computing devices. In this paper, we first presented an integrated simulator with V2I, a car-following model and an emission model to simulate the behavior of vehicles at signalized intersections and calculate travel delays in queues, vehicle emissions, and fuel consumption. We then present a hierarchical green driving strategy based on feedback control to smooth stop-and-go traffic in signalized networks, where signals can disseminate traffic signal information and loop detector data to connected vehicles through V2I communications. In this strategy, the control variable is an individual advisory speed limit for each equipped vehicle, which is calculated from its location, signal settings, and traffic conditions. Finally, we quantify the mobility and environment improvements of the green driving strategy with respect to market penetration rates of equipped vehicles, traffic conditions, communication characteristics, location accuracy, and the car-following model itself, both in isolated and non-isolated intersections. In particular, we demonstrate savings of around 15% in travel delays and around 8% in fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. Different from many existing ecodriving strategies in signalized road networks, where vehicles’ speed profiles are totally controlled, our strategy is hierarchical, since only the speed limit is provided, and vehicles still have to follow their leaders. Such a strategy is crucial for maintaining safety with mixed vehicles.     

高速公路营运档案类别设置探讨

高速公路营运管理过程中产生大量文件材料,是高速公路营运单位档案的重要组成部分。结合工作实践经验,探讨提出了高速公路营运档案的类别设置,提高营运档案利用的效率。可供有关同行参考借鉴。     

应用CAD和泥模破解求相贯线的教学难点

针对高职《工程制图》求相贯线的教学难点问题,应用CAD绘图技术和学生自制的泥模组织工程制图教学,教师能营造丰富多彩的学习情境,以突出职业能力为目标、以学生为主体、以实践项目为载体的教学要求,符合教学规律和心理学规律,达到破解教学难点的目的。     

路口设立显示屏对驾驶员影响

目前,国内尚未从交通角度出台路口处设立电子显示屏的相关技术要求。参考国内部分城市广告牌的设置规范,并结合交通工程的专业知识,从电子显示屏尺寸、驾驶视角影响、驾驶行为影响等方面进行分析。以金华市机电大楼楼顶设立的电子显示屏为例进行研究,以期减小显示屏对交通影响,保证车辆安全行驶,为今后研究提供参考依据。     

三维高密度电法正反演模拟阻尼系数最优设置研究

根据高密度电法的基本原理以及三维高密度电法的正演和反演理论,建立了三种典型模型进行正演模拟,再通过设置不同的阻尼系数对每种模型进行反演,分析反演结果并比较其优缺点,得出不同模型阻尼系数的选取对反演效果的影响规律。结果表明,通过选择最佳阻尼系数,既可减少反演计算收敛的迭代时间,又提高了反演分辨率和精度,从而得到更加精确的工程地质结构资料。     

城市道路指路标志设置方法探讨

由于当前城市道路指路标志系统设置仍存在一些问题,如设置不规范、指示信息不能有效引导交通等,该文对指路标志的设置方法进行了探讨,论述了设计指路标志的重点步骤并给出了实践经验.最后,结合成都市蜀龙大道四期工程作了工程实例分析.     

Regulating the regulator: The impact of professional procuring bodies on local public transport policy and its effectiveness

During the past 15 years competitive tenders have become a common procedure when procuring local bus services in Europe. In particular, tenders with gross cost contracts and the so-called Scandinavian model have gained popularity, resulting in a vast amount of research on optimal contractual relationships between government and operators. This paper pays attention to a rather neglected part of the Scandinavian model: the construction of professional procuring bodies and their relationship to the local public administration, focusing on its implications for policy steering and service performance.The paper outlines briefly two different perspectives of analyses of organisational models: one perspective is anchored in principal-agent theory and institutional economics; and the other perspective in political science. Empirically, the article is based on an evaluation of the relation between two Norwegian counties and the administrative company responsible for planning and procuring public transport services. This evaluation indicates, firstly, important common challenges for the county administration due to lack of regional administrative competencies in relation to the administrative company, which also hampers the county’s role as coordinator of policy areas of importance for public transport. Secondly, due to increased transaction costs, the establishment of administrative companies does not seem compatible with contracts relying on net cost solutions with huge scope for operator initiatives.