The desulphurisation of shipping: Past,present and the future under a global cap

As from January 2020, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) is implementing a global 0.5% limit on the sulphur content of fuel, commonly known as the global sulphur cap. This limit is the latest policy in the efforts to reduce sulphur emissions from shipping, following the designation of emission control areas (ECAs) and other regional regulations. In this paper, a literature review is conducted of academic studies that have dealt with issues relating to the reduction of maritime sulphur emissions. Various recurring research themes are identified, spanning the areas of operations research, maritime economics and transport policy. The effects and implications of available compliance options are then analyzed from the perspectives of ship operators, shippers and consumers. Using lessons learned from the enforcement of ECA regulations, this is followed by an appraisal of various potential issues related to the enforcement of these new global regulations. It is found that a homogeneous enforcement regime is required to ensure a level playing field amongst ship operators and that the global sulphur cap may lead to serious market distortion, due to the potential short term rise of fuel prices. The paper concludes with a set of recommendations for future research on sulphur emissions from shipping in the aftermath of the global cap and, looking forward, to its relationship to the IMO strategy on the reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) shipping emissions.     

Speed management strategies and drivers' attitudes in Thailand

In Thailand where speeding on highways and roads has been a key contributing factor in road traffic crashes, considerable efforts to control vehicle speeds have been made, mostly through speed limit enforcement. However, the fact that speed limits are very often violated on a large scale in Thailand suggests the need for implementing more effective speed management strategies such as automatic speed cameras, increasing speeding penalty, and smart vehicle design to control vehicle speeds. While the effectiveness of such measures depends mainly on how well they could lead drivers to change speeding behavior, public acceptability is also vital as a key to sustainability of most speed management programs. This paper attempts to identify public acceptability of speed management measures, both currently implemented and under consideration, in Thailand. In doing so, data from the questionnaire surveys based on a random sample of 2180 drivers in Thailand including a wide range of individual characteristics of respondents and their attitudes to select speed management schemes are analyzed using an econometric technique. In particular, we introduce a simplified methodological framework to develop a better understanding of factors that explain drivers' attitudes towards speeding behavior and alternative speed management strategies. Findings from this research provide several important implications that could improve the current practices of speed management in Thailand.     

加强专属经济区内海事执法工作的探讨

随着世界各国越来越重视海洋资源的占有、开发和利用,国家间,尤其是沿海国之间在专属经济区的管辖和权力方面的争端也接连发生。各沿海国为了维护自身利益,试图通过《国际海洋法公约》的相关划界条款来争取更大的专属经济区面积。文中对专属经济区制度和中国专属经济区的管理现状作了简要介绍,并在分析专属经济区开展海事执法的必要性和法律依据的基础上,为海事部门加强专属经济区内执法工作提出了相关建议。     

交通执法中人体酒精含量检测相关问题的研究

驾驶员酒后驾车人体酒精含量检测是交通执法工作的重点和难点之一,科学、准确的检测对交通执法质量至关重要。本文针对交通执法实践中人体酒精含量检测工作中的一些问题,对40名志愿受试者进行了饮酒后的血液、呼气、唾液酒精含量检测实验。结果表明:1.呼气检测与血液检测具有相关性;2.北京交管部门目前使用的呼气式酒精检测仪器具有可靠性;3.酒后驾车逃逸者的人体酒精含量可以依据血液酒精清除率(10毫克/100毫升·小时)进行推算;4.唾液酒精含量与血液酒精含量具有相关性,交通执法中使用唾液酒精测试方法有其可行性。     

Improving the efficiency of weigh in motion systems through optimized allocating truck checking oriented procedure

In the present paper, an effective procedure is proposed to determine the best location(s) for installing Weigh in Motion systems (WIM). The main objective is to determine locations for best performance, defined as the maximum number of once-checked trucks' axle loads and minimizing unnecessary actions. The aforesaid method consists of two main stages, including solving shortest path algorithm and selecting the best location for installing WIM(s). A proper mathematical model has also been developed to achieve objective function. The number of once-checked trucks, unnecessary actions and average installing costs are defined as criteria measures. The proposed procedure was applied in a road network using experimental data, while the results were compared with the usual methods of locating enforcement facilities. Finally, it is concluded that the proposed procedure seems to be more efficient than the traditional methods and local experts' points of view.     

试议《海事行政强制程序规定》及其完善

《海事行政强制程序规定》比较全面地反映了《行政强制法》的要求,充分考虑了海事执法活动的特点,在海事行政强制程序上有创新之处．但其在文本语言、制度设计、程序规定和法律文书等方面也存在一定瑕疵,有待完善．     

Investigation of helmet use behavior of motorcyclists and effectiveness of enforcement campaign using CART approach

Use of the helmet is beneficial in reducing the severity of injuries and avoiding fatalities for motorcyclists, therefore, legislation exists in almost all countries. In practice, the situation is different regarding the helmet use, especially in the developing countries. This paper investigates the helmet use behavior of motorcyclists in Karachi, Pakistan. It determines the significant factors affecting the helmet use in Karachi (Pakistan) and recommending effective campaign measures to promote helmet use. It is vital in relation to the exponential growth of motorcycle users and poor enforcement of traffic rules. Repeated cross-sectional data collected before (n = 226) and after (n = 277) the helmet use enforcement campaign is analyzed using univariate and non-parametric classification and regression tree (CART) techniques. A significant number of motorcyclists do not hold a driving license and CART analysis highlighted the significance of this variable along with exposure to the road environment (measured as daily usage of motorcycle) to explain helmet use. Campaign effects are found temporary, therefore, serious efforts are required to design coherent and structured awareness and enforcement programs.     

Community-Based Management for Sustainable Fisheries Resources in Phang-nga Bay,Thailand

Fishing communities, the Government of Thailand Department of Fisheries, local nongovermnental organizations, universities, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), and FAO's Bay of Bengal Program have undertaken a partnership in management of Phang-nga Bay's coastal resources. It is the first project of its kind in Thailand, and although still in the early stages, offers insights that may contribute to our knowledge of how we can improve our management of coastal resources, including the importance of (1) building relationships within the governance process; (2) combining education, enforcement, and economic incentives to achieve compliance; (3) implementing solutions early; and (4) government support of community-based decisions. These insights reinforce trends emerging in other coastal management projects in the Asian region.     

治理车辆双超智能管理信息平台的研究及实现

为了巩固全国治理车辆超限超载工作已取得的成绩,理顺治理工作业务流程,规范执法,研究了治理车辆超限超载智能管理信息平台的总体设计及其相应系统功能实现,给出了全国治理双超智能信息平台的总体构架,重点介绍了该平台的功能模块设计,探讨了构建该平台的相关关键技术。同时,以北京市省级治理车辆双超智能信息平台为例,简要介绍了治理双超智能信息平台构架的具体实现。该平台经过前期试运行表明,平台构架科学合理,能够满足治理双超工作及相关行业的业务需要,北京市省级治理车辆双超智能信息平台工作稳定可靠,提高了北京市车辆超限运输的治理水平,基本实现了平台建设的总体目标,同时为交通行业运政管理系统功能完善提供了有力支持。