A coupled numerical approach to simulate the effect of earthquake frequency content on seismic behavior of submarine tunnel

Roughly 90% of all natural vibrations have epicenters in offshore zones and may cause destruction of submarine and floating structures. Such excitations can influence the safe performance of facilities set up on the seabed, like tunnels, jacket legs and subsea oil pipelines. Some researches on this theme have been carried out to demonstrate the importance of seaquake analyses and their effects have been underlined. The present study intends to numerically simulate a two-dimensional fluid-structure interaction (FSI) problem in order to examine the dynamic response of submarine tunnel under real horizontal earthquakes. Pressure is considered as independent nodal variables to represent the fluid flow effects and the induced time-dependent acceleration in porous medium equation is incorporated in the analysis and the tunnel shell is considered as flexible. This work highlights the importance of the input ground motion frequency content that governs the development of the induced seismic stress/strain around the lining of the tunnel. The results demonstrate that for deep sea the increment rate of the circumferential stress caused by surface gravity waves is below 7% when compared to the no-wave interface condition. Moreover, it is confirmed that long-period record may amplify the overall response of the system (up to 60%) specially the lateral and vertical displacements, as well as the principal stress to a lesser extent. The developed numerical model can attend to further analysis of tunnels embedded in a half-space in conjunction with fluid undergoing the severe long-period earthquakes.     

Integrated models of land use and transportation for the autonomous vehicle revolution

ABSTRACT

The advent of the autonomous vehicle (AV) will affect not only the transportation system, but also future patterns of land development. Integrated land use and transportation models will be critical tools in assessing the path forward with this technology. Key questions with respect to land use impacts of AVs arise from potential changes in sensitivity to travel and reduced demand for parking. It is an open question whether AVs will induce urban sprawl, or whether spatial economies of agglomeration will mitigate any reductions in travel time sensitivity. The deployment of shared fleets of AVs would likely reduce parking demand, producing yet to be explored impacts on property development within existing urban footprints. We perform a critical assessment of currently operational models and their ability to represent the adoption of AVs. We identify the representation of time in such models as a vital component requiring additional development to model this new technology. Existing model applications have focused on the discrete addition of new infrastructure or policy at a fixed point in time, whereas AV adoption will occur incrementally through time. Stated adaptation surveys are recommended as tools to quantify preferences and develop relevant model inputs. It is argued that existing models that assume comparatively static equilibrium have been convenient in the past, but are insufficient to model technology adoption. In contrast, dynamic model frameworks lack sufficient structure to maintain reasonability under large perturbations from base conditions. The ongoing advancement of computing has allowed models to move away from being mechanistic aggregate tools, towards behaviourally rich depictions of individual persons and firms. However, much work remains to move from projections of existing conditions into the future, to the evolution of the spatial economy as it evolves through time in response to new technologies and exogenous stresses. Principles from complex and evolutionary systems theory will be important in the development of models with the capacity to consider such dynamics.     

Development of Green-Naghdi models with a wave-absorbing beach for nonlinear, irregular wave propagation

Two-dimensional and three-dimensional Green-Naghdi (GN) models equipped with a numerical wave-absorbing beach have been developed to simulate nonlinear, regular, and irregular wave propagation. The numerical beach is introduced near the downstream boundary to absorb outgoing waves. An appropriate amount of numerical damping and an appropriate length of numerical beach are investigated using numerical experiments. The results show that the GN models with a numerical beach work very well in simulating wave propagation in water in a small computational domain.     

水泥搅拌体不同龄期强度之间的关系

从现场几个实际工程中水泥搅拌体各龄期强度的分析结果表明,尽管水泥搅拌体的强度存在着较大的离散性,但是水泥搅拌体各龄期强度之间仍存在着一定的规律,对天津港地区,可用公式qu90=2.84qu14和qu90=1.76qu28换算水泥搅拌体90d龄期的强度。     

空间复合材料加筋板流固耦合振动分析

本文用结构有限元与流体边界元方法研究了空间复合材料加筋板结构的流固耦合自由振动，推导了用于结构分析的分项插值型复合材料八节点板单元和三节点梁单元，以及用于流场分析的线性边界单元。用修正的RIRZ向量法与波前法相结合的方法求解特征值问题，避免了因附连水质量引起的结构质量矩阵为满阵的内存困难和非对称矩阵方程约化困难。算例表明，附连水质量对复合材料结构的动力特性影响要比各向同性材料严重得多。     

T型管节点焊趾表面裂纹扩展行为的三维断裂力学分析

本文对海上平台T型管节点焊趾三维空间翘曲表面裂纹问题用6869自由度、半带宽1187的特大规模作了三维有限元分析，计算了沿裂纹前缘的KⅠ、KⅡ和KⅢ分布。在此基础上，对焊趾表面裂纹的疲劳扩展行为作了分析，绘制了裂纹扩展特性曲线，并根据特性曲线对扩展寿命进行了估算。预测结果与海上平台管节点委员会的试验结果相符。     

曲线弯梁桥振动理论分析

利用广义坐标法和能量原理推导曲线梁桥的振动控制微分方程,解释曲线梁桥振动理论与直线梁振动理论的异同点,在推导质量矩阵的显式表达式过程中考虑截面扭转中心与截面形心的不一致。随后给出了曲线梁动力分析的有限元方法,并完成了相应电算程序的编制。最后通过实例分析并验证本文所提计算理论和计算方法的正确性。     

基于径向基函数响应面方法的大跨度斜拉桥有限元模型修正

采用ANSYS有限元软件建立某大跨度斜拉桥试验室物理模型的三维有限元模型.基于灵敏度分析,选取模型待修正参数和用于模型修正的特征量.采用实验设计方法生成数样本,通过有限元分析提取对应的特征量信息,进而建立待修正参数与特征量关系的径向基函数响应面模型.通过对响应面模型的拟合误差分析,确定径向基函数的最优形状参数.以斜拉桥自振频率和静态索力构建目标函数.基于建立的响应面模型,采用遗传优化算法进行有限元模型修正.结果表明,采用径向基函数响应面模型拟合斜拉桥设计参数与特征量之间的隐式关系有较高的精度;基于仿真数据的模型修正有较高的精度,基于试验数据的模型修正能得到合理的结果,该方法可有效地修正复杂桥梁结构有限元模型.     

整体硫化弹性铁垫板结构设计研究

整体硫化弹性铁垫板属于橡胶-金属复合材料,目前普遍应用于铁路、航空、船舶等各行业。整体硫化弹性铁垫板结构特点突出,其弹性均匀,列车运行平顺性好,可提高乘客舒适度;有效限制橡胶劣化途径,可提高产品使用寿命;产品结构适应性好,还能有效降低列车运营振动噪声。重点结合地铁压缩型减振扣件用弹性铁垫板结构设计,论述其关键参数、结构设计、生产制造工艺、相关测试等方面内容,研究弹性铁垫板结构关键参数和型式尺寸接口设计方法,针对结构设计重要参数之一垂直静刚度进行简化计算和有限元分析,并通过相关检验和实测,数据完整翔实。