Sub‐optimal decision‐making and the transportation problem

A modification to the transportation problem is outlined that aims to improve the quality of predictions of trip matrices, and at the same time, allow some behavioural and economic insights. A framework is suggested within which this modification may be made and a suitable statistic and iterative process are described. A simple example demonstrates the validity of the modification and suggests some areas of difficulty with the approach.     

国际化视野下航海类高职院校的思想政治教育改革

文章基于航海类高职院校思想政治教育的特点,就全球化背景下如何充分发挥思想政治教育的德育功能,更好地服务于高职人才培养工作,从思想政治教育的内容、方法和价值导向等方面进行积极探索,指出航海类高职院校思想政治教育必须适应全球化的形势,侧重于全球意识、爱国意识、规则（法制）意识、职业素质和创新意识教育,并在培养目标和教育方法等方面有所调整,以增强思想政治教育的针对性和有效性。     

全球化与女性主义的新发展

全球化是人类历史发展的必然过程,它不仅在经济上、政治上、生活上对全球妇女的生存形成了挑战,也为女性主义的发展提供了新的领域和视野。全球女性主义的产生适应了时代发展的趋势和要求,是全球化语境下女性主义思潮的新发展和新运用。     

Implications of globalization for co 2 emissions from transport

Transport accounts for about 25% of global CO 2 emissions. Transport activities are on the rise in the coming decades. Would associated CO 2 emissions move upwards as well, and at what rate? The present paper explores the future of these CO 2 emissions, starting from four scenarios for global transport. Considering fuel consumption, energy efficiencies in transport, occupancy rates of transport means, size of cars on the market, and possible environmental policies we find CO 2 emissions are persistently increasing, especially in the less wealthy areas of the world. In Europe, policies that attempt to control mobility and also limit CO 2 emissions may succeed in reducing emissions growth by about 30%. Efforts to increase energy efficiency of transport, in particular road transport, would contribute most to such reduction.     

Globalization and the global environment: Four quantitative scenarios

This article presents a simulation of four quantitative scenarios using the applied general equilibrium model WorldScan . The scenarios are constructed to study the effects of globalization on transport and the environment. They contain different assumptions on the degree of globalization, technical progress, migration and energy policies. WorldScan focuses on long-term economic growth, trade and specialization patterns. It quantifies the economic content of the scenarios and the volume growth of energy and emissions between 1995 and 2050. The scenario outcomes show that emission growth quadruples with high economic growth without any energy-efficient technologies and environmental legislation. However, in an ecological scenario which combines energy-efficient technologies, environmental legislation and modest economic growth, global emissions hardly increase.     

Predicting freight flows in a globalising world

In this paper we suggest a methodology to predict commodity specific transportation flows that brings together data in value and in quantity terms in a consistent way. The approach is based on the modern gravity formulation. There are three driving forces of the transport flows dynamics: economic growth, the ongoing globalization (reduction of trade barriers), and the changing commodity composition of trade, whereby the evolution of value-to-weight ratios is explicitly taken into account. The methodology is applied to forecast the interregional trade flows in Europe.     

A multi-layer scenario analysis for sustainable international transport

This article considers the development of the international transport sector based on four globalization scenarios. These four images of the future transportation market are constructed at three different levels (global, European and Dutch). The possible consequences of these scenarios are mapped out not only by key aspects such as modal split and spatial organization but also by providing empirical insights into expected transport flows for both passenger and freight transport in 2020 based on data from 1995.