高新技术在铁路视频监控领域的应用

本文结合视频监控系统在全球范围内发展的最新动态，重点介绍了铁路视频监控系统引用的三项新技术。这三项新技术包括：数字化、网络化及远程监控技术，红外热成像技术、智能行为分析技术。     

红外线轴温探测设备在青藏铁路的应用

针对青藏高原特殊的自然环境和气候特点,对红外线轴温探测系统进行高原应用研究,进行设备稳定性、安装方式、防雷措施、探头角度和抗风雪性能等方面的改进。主机元器件采用军极产品,增加保温机柜,机柜内增设新型温控箱,对主机系统进行自动温度控制,确保其在高原环境下正常工作。线缆连接采用插接方式,方便安装。对探测方式进行的研究表明,平探探测方式虽能很好解决大雪覆盖问题,但不适应冻土路基环境;通过对下探方式探头箱加装吹雪装置,对下侧探方式探头箱加防雪罩和箱体上表面局部加热,从而解决粘雪使探测口变小或堵住的问题。设备防雷和接地电阻采用串联方式,室内主机采用电源电涌保护箱防雷设备。为保证车辆安全运行和减轻恶劣环境对维护人员造成的危险,提出加密探测点和在5 000 m以上高海拔地区及重要地点采用双机采时在线备份方案。     

室内试验中沥青混合料的温度问题分析

室内实验中,试验设备的温度会影响沥青混合料的试验结果。通过试验时监测相关设备,提出恒温箱、拌和锅等仪器的温度偏差以及解决办法。通过试验获得基质沥青、Sasobit改性沥青、SBS改性沥青等类型的沥青混合料试验过程中相关仪器的使用温度,以及试验过程中需要注意的操作细节,如拌和、插捣等。试验结果表明：恒温箱内实际温度高于设置温度;集料温度低于恒温箱设置温度8℃左右;拌和锅内平均温度低于设置温度12℃;红外线测温仪测量温度需要和温度计进行校正比较;试验中试验员动作要快速娴熟。     

桥梁健康状况检测技术研究现状

对桥梁健康状况检测的重要性,桥梁健康状况检测的主要背景作了一定的概述。并对目前比较常用的几种桥梁健康状况检测技术如红外热像仪检测技术、光纤传感器检测技术、声探测技术、电磁波探测技术作了综合的介绍。     

舰载光电侦察告警装备发展综述

红外搜索与跟踪系统所具有的独特优势是雷达等舰载探测系统难以替代的，在对抗掠海高速反舰导弹的情况下更是如此。目前，国外对舰载红外搜索与跟踪系统的研制进展很快，已有多种产品问世并装备海军。海面上日趋严重的激光威胁强烈刺激了舰载激光对抗技术的发展，目前，国外新研制的水面舰艇已广泛装备激光侦察告警设备。本文对国外舰载红外搜索与跟踪系统和激光告警设备的现状加以综述。     

基于网络的防作弊计量系统的实现

基于计算机网络技术、自动识别输入技术和红外线控制技术，提出了解决电子汽车衡计量系统中实现称重计量自动化、数据管理科学化、数据查询网络化、有效防止作弊问题的一种高效、可靠的方法。介绍了这种方法的网络结构、数据流程和工作流程。     

锁相红外热成像技术应用于复合材料连接接头全场应力测量研究

为了克服传统电测法测量结构应力的种种不足,文章对应用锁相红外热成像技术进行复合材料结构应力测量的可行性进行了研究。在研究中,首先结合正交各向异性复合材料的热弹性理论（TSA）,提出了一种有效而又简洁的试验标定方法,并通过标定试验获取了文中所用玻璃钢材料所需的合理的加载频率f以及标定参数K,然后对两种典型的船用玻璃钢复合材料连接接头内的应力分布进行了测量,通过与数值计算结果的对比,验证了锁相红外热成像技术是一种快速、高效和可靠的结构全场应力测量手段。     

混凝土梁无损检测新技术及其进展

介绍了国内外混凝土梁无损检测技术的发展及应用现状。近年来发展起来的混凝土梁无损检测新技术主要可以分为三类：一类是以应力波理论为基础的方法如冲击回波法、表面波频谱分析法、声发射技术以及超声脉冲法等；一类是以探地雷达为代表的利用电磁波的技术；另外一类是以射线作为探测媒介的方法如红外热像法、计算机断层X射线扫描技术等。实践表明，这些技术对提高混凝土梁无损检测的精度与效率具有重要意义。     

Composite front maps for improved visibility of dynamic sea-surface features on cloudy SeaWiFS and AVHRR data

Novel techniques have been developed for increasing the value of cloud-affected sequences of Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) sea-surface temperature (SST) data and Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS) ocean colour data for visualising dynamic physical and biological oceanic processes such as fronts, eddies and blooms. The proposed composite front map approach is to combine the location, strength and persistence of all fronts observed over several days into a single map, which allows intuitive interpretation of mesoscale structures. This method achieves a synoptic view without blurring dynamic features, an inherent problem with conventional time-averaging compositing methods. Objective validation confirms a significant improvement in feature visibility on composite maps compared to individual front maps. A further novel aspect is the automated detection of ocean colour fronts, correctly locating 96% of chlorophyll fronts in a test data set. A sizeable data set of 13,000 AVHRR and 1200 SeaWiFS scenes automatically processed using this technique is applied to the study of dynamic processes off the Iberian Peninsula such as mesoscale eddy generation, and many additional applications are identified. Front map animations provide a unique insight into the evolution of upwelling and eddies.     

Evolution of the open-sea eddy ALGERS'98 in the Algerian Basin with Lagrangian trajectories and remote sensing observations

The westward evolution of an open-sea anticyclonic eddy along the western Algerian Basin is shown, for the first time, by means of 15 buoy trajectories and remote sensing observations. For 3 months, the buoy trajectories described several anticyclonic loops in periods of 4–21 days. The eddy's movement, translation, and rotation were separated with a kinematic model, resulting in a mean translation speed of 2 km/day, which fits the self-propulsion speed predicted on theoretical models for isolated eddies on a beta plane. Fluctuations in translation speed were associated with advection of the mean flow and topographic interactions. Both mechanisms changed the eddy's horizontal shape from circular to elliptical, inducing fluctuations in its swirl velocity and solid-body rotation. The initial stage of the eddy is an isolated asymmetric dipole, comprised by a small cyclone and a large anticyclone, the latter generated from a frontal instability, which under the Coriolis term acquires anticyclonic relative vorticity. During its first days of life, the anticyclonic eddy was shallow Ro=0.9 and small (diameter less than 50 km). Later on, it reached a diameter of 150 km and a vertical structure of 3 km (Ro=0.1). A retrospective analysis with infrared images shows that the eddy's generation took place at about 3–4°E. Then, the eddy completed a counterclockwise circuit never before reported in other studies and ended up at the entrance of the Algerian Basin, where the interaction with the topography and the coastal instability induced its decay. The eddy's life span was 10 months. Computations of the heating rate following clusters of buoy trajectories show fluctuations throughout the eddy's journey, induced by advection and a seasonal warming.