原油管线在线等质量取样系统设计及实现

为了有效解决原油长输管线反复出现的原油途耗异常问题,通过对原油油种、工艺条件和原油输送方式等的分析,设计了等质量流量比例采样系统,由该系统实现原油管线在线自动取样。系统投用后,实现了实时对量,及时发现损耗异常情况,有效控制了原油途耗不稳定的问题。采用等质量流量比例采样模式,较好地解决了多油种、边收边付、多种输送方式以及流量范围宽等不利因素影响计量的问题,具有较好的参考和推广价值。     

Silas和Densitune系统在航道工程中的应用

以连云港港15万t级航道疏浚工程施T期浮泥观测为例,介绍Densitune音叉振动密度仪、Silas适航水深测量系统和悬移质取样器的特性,并根据实测的浮泥层厚度及其分布情况,剖析Silas和Densitune系统在实际工程应用中遇到的问题,供丁程设计和运营管理参考.     

浸水+环刀法测定干燥风积沙密度

干燥的风积沙对扰动很敏感,现行有关规程中的密度测定方法对其均不太适合。本文介绍的方法是通过浸水润湿风积沙,再用环刀法测定密度。试验分析表明,当风积沙的压实度达90%以上时,干沙浸水所导致的体积变化量很小;将此变化量忽略而以环刀法测定的湿沙干密度来表征浸水前干沙的干密度,则在精度及准确性方面是可以满足公路工程需要的。     

Technical,allocative and cost efficiencies of Chinese ports

This paper reports on empirical studies of the technical, allocative, and cost efficiencies (CEs) of Chinese ports based on the panel data of 16 listed port corporations from 1998 to 2011 by means of Bayesian Inference and Markov Chain Monte Carlo methods. An error terms approach is used to resolve the Greene Problem in the estimation of allocative efficiency. The results show that the technical efficiencies have tended to decline in most ports. Inputs to R&D and improving management level are insufficient to offset this decline. Seaports have higher CEs than river ports. Ports with higher container cargo proportion have higher CEs. Ports with more than 50% of shares owned by the State have higher CEs.     

厚壁取土器在底质取样中的改进应用*

以连云港港徐圩航道先导试挖阶段航道回淤观测工程为契机,以提高表层底质样取样精度为目标,在观测海域采用拖罐法、钻杆薄壁取样法及厚壁取样法进行对比试验.通过现场可操作性和室内试验成果的比较,提出改良的厚壁取样法,在满足取样要求的前提下大幅度提高取样效率,劳动强度低,在本地区后期的回淤物采样中广泛应用.     

Inferring left behind passengers in congested metro systems from automated data

With subway systems around the world experiencing increasing demand, measures such as passengers left behind are becoming increasingly important. This paper proposes a methodology for inferring the probability distribution of the number of times a passenger is left behind at stations in congested metro systems using automated data. Maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) and Bayesian inference methods are used to estimate the left behind probability mass function (LBPMF) for a given station and time period. The model is applied using actual and synthetic data. The results show that the model is able to estimate the probability of being left behind fairly accurately.     

搭载于ROV的深海半自动沉积物保压取样器设计

随着ROV（ Remotely Operated Vehicles）在大洋科考活动中应用越来越成熟,为了运用ROV取得更丰富的样品,需要针对ROV的特点研发专用的取样工具。考虑ROV搭载的可行性和深海沉积物样本的采集及保存需要保持取样原点压力的需求,设计一套ROV可以搭载使用的深海半自动沉积物保压取样器,研究其深海半自动密封、体积置换及压力损失补偿技术3项基本技术,并对以上技术进行计算分析和实验验证,结果表明该技术方案具有较好的原位保压能力。     

Vehicle purchasing behaviors comparison in two-stage choice perspective before and after eco-car promotion policy in Japan

This paper compares the vehicle purchasing behaviors in Japan between before and after the eco-car (environmental friendly vehicle) promotion policy implemented. Consumer behaviors are modeled as a two-stage decision process: a consideration set formation stage and a choice-making stage. In the first stage, all available vehicle types are included in the choice set, and consumers are assumed to apply a conjunctive screening rule to construct consideration sets. In the second stage, consumers only evaluate the vehicles in the consideration set and choose the one with maximum utility. The applied Hierarchical Bayes model can avoid the issue of an indifferentiable and irregular likelihood surface caused by thresholds and discontinuities, and the data augmentation and Markov-Chain Monte Carlo estimation methods make it possible to estimate two stages simultaneously using only the information about the consumers’ actual choices. The estimations indicate that the change of consumer behavior during the formation of consideration sets after the policy implemented: more people preferred compact and hybrid vehicles because of their better fuel efficiency and more competitive prices under the tax reduction policy. The results show, however, that most of consumers who purchase hybrid vehicles after the policy implemented are only including hybrid vehicles in their consideration sets, and oil price and vehicle price still play important roles in the choice-making stage for these who consider both gasoline and hybrid vehicles.     

长江口北槽深水航道整治工程贮泥坑抛泥过程监测分析*

对北槽航道维护使用的3#贮泥坑抛泥流失率进行现场监测和分析研究。监测内容包括应用多波束地形测量仪测 得贮泥坑抛吹泥前后的准确容积变化,采用表层取样法测量贮泥坑抛泥后的表层泥沙密度及采用柱状采样器测量贮泥坑不 同深度的泥沙密度,综合容积变化和密度结果可以得到实际入坑泥沙量,结合实际抛泥量计算出贮泥坑的抛泥流失率。监 测结果表明该贮泥坑的抛泥流失率达到76%。同步监测的流速结果表明贮泥坑周边动力强、流速快,流速快是造成该贮泥 坑抛泥流失率大的主要原因。建议该坑向附近动力弱的坝田掩护区移动以减少该贮泥坑泥沙流失率。     

新型箱式采泥器研制 及在长江口航道回淤研究中的应用

为获取河床沉积物原状样品,研制一种新型箱式采泥器,并在长江口12.5 m深水航道回淤研究中开展应用.结果表明:新型箱式采泥器密封性好、适应性强、成功率高、样品量多且保持原状.新型箱式采泥器采集的原状样品揭示出长江口南港北槽河床沉积物包括沙、泥、沙泥混合、沙泥分层4类,沉积物类型及变化特征反映了泥沙来源和沉积过程.基于沉...