Walking accessibility and property prices

Walking is an imperative travel mode, especially for short trips. Walking accessibility, which is defined as the ease of reaching essential destinations in the walk-in catchment area, may affect property prices because residents are more likely to be willing to pay for this attribute. In addition, different categories of public services may have varied influencing directions and magnitude. These two hypotheses are tested in this study. Taking Xiamen, China as a case study, we estimate the cumulative opportunities of public services on foot and develop a set of hedonic pricing models (more specifically, two pre-specified ordinary least squares models, four Box-Cox transformed models, and two spatial econometric models) to estimate, whether and to what extent, walking accessibility contributes to price premiums (or discounts). Using a database of 22,586 second-hand residential properties in 358 multi- or high-storey residential complexes, we find that (1) walking accessibility to public services contributes to the variations in housing prices and plays a role in determining housing prices; (2) different categories of services have vastly divergent, even opposite, influencing impacts; and (3) walking accessibility to primary schools, commercial centers, and sports and cultural centers have positive effects on house prices whereas walking accessibility to comprehensive hospitals adversely affects housing prices. Methodologically, we confirm that spatial econometric methods improve estimation accuracy and have more explanatory power relative to the standard non-spatial models. Robustness check analysis further guarantees the plausibility of this study.     

新机遇下我国新能源汽车换电模式发展前景分析

换电模式是一种新能源汽车快速补电方式,具有补电速度快、自动化水平高、集成度高等优点,可大大降低消费者里程焦虑。还可实现“车电分离”销售,解决消费者购车成本高的难题。由于受到换电标准不统一、换电车型少等因素限制,新能源汽车换电模式发展较为缓慢。随着财政补贴退坡,换电模式重新引起政府部门和行业企业重视。文章重点研究了换电模式技术路线、应用现状和技术优势,分析了新的机遇下换电模式的发展空间和市场前景。     

基于剩余寿命可靠度的地铁车辆设备多部件趋近机会维修策略

当前地铁车辆的检修存在着过修和欠修的现象。在分析车辆设备全寿命的基础上,以全寿命周期单位时间维修费用最低为目标,建立了基于剩余寿命可靠度的预防性维修周期模型,并针对多部件维修周期问题提出了应用于多部件整体的趋近机会维修策略。通过算例分析,验证了模型的合理性和可用性,以及趋近机会维修策略的有效性。     

A macroscopic theory for unsignalized intersections

The following paper presents a dynamic macroscopic model for unsignalized intersections which accounts for time-limited disruptions in the minor stream flow, even in free-flow conditions when the average flow demand is satisfied. It introduces a deterministic fictive traffic light to represent an average alternating sequence of available and busy time periods for insertion depending on the major stream flow. Two allocation schemes of the total outflow during green periods are developed to model the influence or non-influence of the minor stream over the major stream flow. The aggregation of the resulting dynamic flow variations gives relevant capacity values. Moreover, the model predicts accurate average vehicle delay and queue length estimates compared to theoretical and empirical data. It has three easy-to-measure parameters and can be integrated into a dynamic macroscopic simulation tool for urban networks.     

偏压连拱隧道洞口段二次衬砌施工时机探讨

 针对富溪隧道左线出口段在围岩变形尚未稳定的情况下能否进行二次衬砌施工的问题，根据隧道变形监测结果推测衬砌施工后隧道的剩余变形，并据此计算出衬砌结构的内力和安全系数。结果表明，衬砌施工后产生的变形大小对其内力和安全性影响较大。若衬砌结构变形仅为剩余变形的6.5%，其安全性能够得到保障。现场监测结果表明，衬砌施工后内部应力普遍较小，未超过混凝土强度。这说明在围岩变形没有完全趋于稳定的情况下，只要能够保证衬砌施工质量，可以提前施作二衬。     

出行时间成本的测算方法及其影响因素分析

介绍了出行时间成本理论的假定,基于机会成本原理对出行时间成本进行了测算,针对其基本特性对其影响因素进行了深入分析,并据此在工资法的基础上提出了出行时间成本的计算模型。     

GPS-based optimization of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles’ power demands in a cold weather city

Using the WPG03 duty cycle developed from global positioning data collected in Winnipeg, Canada, real world energy demands and costs are modeled. Three types of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, four temperatures and two charging scenarios are compared to a vehicle with an internal combustion engine. Cold temperatures are shown to greatly affect vehicle operation energy costs, which is an important consideration for cold weather cities such as Winnipeg. The largest energy cost savings are obtained for smaller-battery plug-in hybrids that had the opportunity to charge during the day.     

基于随机需求的城市公交车辆调度问题的研究

在公交车辆调度问题上,考虑到公交调度中客流需求的不确定因素,引入随机需求调度模型及其相关概念,然后对优化模型进行实例求解,结果证明该模型是可行的。     

影响船舶弃船时机决策的各环境因素分析

当船舶发生海难事故后,船舶弃船时机的正确决策关系到船舶安全尤其是海上人命安全,本文分析了影响该决策行为的各种环境因素,对弃船时机的正确选择做一个初步分析,为进一步研究奠定一些基础。     

关于公路建设项目经济评价的几点思考

经济评价是通过财务评价和国民经济评价,分析项目的经济合理性和财务合理性,并作为项目是否建设的重要决定要素之一。交通量预测、评价指标的选取、征地补偿费用与土地机会成本、国民经济效益等计量的正确与否将直接影响项目经济评价的结果。