中小型水利工程施工劳务管理存在的问题及对策

根据中小型水利工程项目分散、投资小、工期短的特点,介绍了当前中小型水利项目施工劳务管理的现状,分析当前中小型水利工程劳务市场建立困难的原因,提出在当前形势下中小型项目施工企业须遵守国家的法律法规,杜绝违法劳务分包,推进劳务市场的建立、成熟和完善。     

长江大保护战略下河口滩涂的保护对策研究

针对长江来沙持续减少引起河口滩涂侵蚀日益严峻的现象,提出长江口滩涂保护的重要性;并以九段沙、横沙东滩为研究典型,探讨分析不同定位滩涂宜采取的不同保护对策。结论如下:对于生态保护区滩涂,宜通过改变外围环境实施滩涂保护、促进滩面缓慢淤涨;对于非生态保护区滩涂,可采取积极主动的护滩措施,且可通过工程有目的地培育高-中-低滩有序分布的滩涂基底,在实现滩涂资源稳定的基础上提升滩涂生态品质,增强滩涂区域功能,积极响应长江大保护战略。     

Why is the southwest the most productive region of the East Sea/Sea of Japan?

The East Sea/Sea of Japan is a moderately productive sea that supports a wealth of living marine resources. Of the East Sea subregions, the southwest has the highest productivity. Various authors have proposed coastal upwelling, the Tsushima Current, the Changjiang Dilute Water, eddies, or discharge from the Nagdong River as potential sources of additional nutrients. In this paper, we propose, using satellite data from 1998 to 2006, that the biological productivity of the southwestern region is enhanced mainly by wind-driven upwelling along the Korean coast. Firstly, the climatology of seasonal patterns suggests that the enhanced chlorophyll a along the Korean coast is of local origin. Secondly, coastal upwelling is frequent in all seasons except winter. For example, along the coast of the Ulgi region, enhanced chlorophyll a due to coastal upwelling was observed for 25–92% of the time between Jun and Sep in the period 1998–2006. Thirdly, the advection of upwelled water through various pathways to the deeper basin was observed. Fourthly, there appeared to be a strong correlation between the interannual chlorophyll a variations of the coastal upwelling regions and the Ulleung Basin. The chlorophyll a patterns of both regions were closely related to the wind pattern in the upwelling regions, but not to that in the Ulleung Basin. Finally, changes in advection pathways also appeared to affect the productivity of the Ulleung Basin. Since 2004, there has been a shift in the pathways of upwelled water, and consequent increases in chlorophyll a in the Ulleung Basin were observed. This last observation requires further investigation.     

Seasonal and interannual variation of physical and biological processes during 1994–2001 in the Sea of Japan/East Sea: A three-dimensional physical–biogeochemical modeling study

A Pacific basin-wide physical–biogeochemical model has been used to investigate the seasonal and interannual variation of physical and biological fields with analyses focusing on the Sea of Japan/East Sea (JES). The physical model is based on the Regional Ocean Model System (ROMS), and the biogeochemical model is based on the Carbon, Si(OH)₄, Nitrogen Ecosystem (CoSiNE) model. The coupled ROMS–CoSiNE model is forced with the daily air–sea fluxes derived from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) and the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) reanalysis for the period of 1994 to 2001, and the model results are used to evaluate climate impact on nutrient transport in Mixed Layer Depth (MLD) and phytoplankton spring bloom dynamics in the JES.The model reproduces several key features of sea surface temperature (SST) and surface currents, which are consistent with the previous modeling and observational results in the JES. The calculated volume transports through the three major straits show that the Korea Strait (KS) dominates the inflow to the JES with 2.46 Sv annually, and the Tsugaru Strait (TS) and the Soya Strait (SS) are major outflows with 1.85 Sv and 0.64 Sv, respectively. Domain-averaged phytoplankton biomass in the JES reaches its spring peak 1.8 mmol N m^− 3 in May and shows a relatively weak autumn increase in November. Strong summer stratification and intense consumption of nitrate by phytoplankton during the spring result in very low nitrate concentration at the upper layer, which limits phytoplankton growth in the JES during the summer. On the other hand, the higher grazer abundance likely contributes to the strong suppression of phytoplankton biomass after the spring bloom in the JES. The model results show strong interannual variability of SST, nutrients, and phytoplankton biomass with sudden changes in 1998, which correspond to large-scale changes of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO). Regional comparisons of interannual variations in springtime were made for the southern and northern JES. Variations of nutrients and phytoplankton biomass related to the PDO warm/cold phase changes were detected in both the southern and northern JES, and there were regional differences with respect to the mechanisms and timing. During the warm PDO, the nutrients integrated in the MLD increased in the south and decreased in the north in winter. Conversely, during the cold PDO, the nutrients integrated in the MLD decreased in the south and increased in the north. Wind divergence/convergence likely drives the differences in the southern and northern regions when northerly and northwesterly monsoon dominates in winter in the JES. Subjected to the nutrient change, the growth of phytoplankton biomass appears to be limited neither by nutrient nor by light consistently both in the southern and northern regions. Namely, the JES is at the transition zone of the lower trophic-level ecosystem between light-limited and nutrient-limited zones.     

桥梁美学在城市高架道路中的应用

随着我国国民经济的飞速发展,城市基础设施建设日新月异。在此前提下,“以人为本,环境和谐”的景观设计变得尤为重要。城市大型桥梁从单一的交通通道,逐渐演变为城市的风景。上海市中环线高架桥梁运用了桥梁美学的原则,在桥梁结构、桥梁细部构造上进行了精心的景观设计,该文对此进行了简要地介绍。     

信江东大河复杂浅滩段航道整治方案比选

信江是鄱阳湖流域的五大河流之一,现状航道为Ⅶ级,不满足社会经济发展要求,信江下游拟通过渠化工程来提高航道等级。根据最新河道地形资料及实测水文资料建立工程段的平面二维水流泥沙数学模型并进行详细验证,对航道整治工程后的水流、泥沙冲淤进行计算。对东大河蔡家洲、干港口、磨盘洲3个重点滩险段航道现状及碍航特性进行分析,提出渠化工程后3个险滩段航道整治布置方案,综合考虑工程后的水流运动、工程量、行洪影响、航槽稳定等条件,综合比选得到3个险滩段的航道整治推荐方案及对蔡家洲滩进行工程方案优化,设计成果可为类似航道整治提供参考。     

A preliminary proposal for urban and transportation planning in response to the Great East Japan Earthquake

The purpose of this paper is to propose information of use in the reconstruction of urban transport and infrastructure in response to the Great East Japan Earthquake. In particular, knowledge of urban planning and transportation planning is summarized to help in drawing up physical plans.     

上海中环线浦西段工程总体桥梁结构设计

该文论述了在上海中环线浦西段桥梁结构工程设计中综合考虑结构和景观的结合,在满足结构安全的基础上,突出景观的要求。从总体上、细节上充分考虑以“圆”为中心的景观要素,根据不同路段要求设计不同的体现中心要求的结构外形,成功地设计了具有外形美观亮丽的现代城市中心高架,为今后的城市高架提供了经验。     

东亚港口集装箱运输发展前景

东亚地区正在建设或规划建设大量的集装箱码头,这是否适应本地区未来港口集装箱运输发展形势值得关注.介绍英国海运咨询有限公司的相关研究成果.