Understanding members' carsharing (activity) persistency by using econometric model

Carsharing is an innovative travel alternative that has recently experienced considerable growth and become part of sustainable transportation initiatives. Although carsharing is becoming increasingly a popular alternative transportation mode in North America, it is still an under‐researched area. Current research is aimed at better understanding of the behavior of carsharing users. For every member, a two‐stage approach microsimulates the probability of being active in any month using a binary probit model and given that a particular member is active during a month, the probability of that member using the service multiple times using a random utility‐based model. The model is estimated using empirical data from one of the largest carsharing companies in North America. The model estimates reveal that the activity persistency of members is positively linked to previous behaviors for up to 4 months, and that the influence of previous months weakens over time. It also shows that some attributes of the traveler (gender, age, and language spoken at home) impact his or her behaviors. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

单向交通复合指标评价模型

综合出行者感受直观的速度、距离、时间指标与表征路段拥挤状态的饱和度指标,提出基于出行者对交通通畅主观感受的复合指标评价模型,并给出案例,说明模型的可操作性.     

用杠杆法分析自动变速器的换挡过程

介绍了一种分析自动变速器换挡过程的新方法。将自动变速器中的行星传动机构简化为等效杠杆,利用等效杠杆的受力平衡图和转速关系图,可以直观判断单向离合器的接合或分离、换挡执行元件的工作状态以及动力传递路线。用等效杠杆法对日本丰田A340E电子控制自动变速器换挡过程的分析表明,采用单向离合器作为换挡执行元件的自动变速器的换挡过程非常简便。     

考虑用户偏好的共享汽车混合运营模式优化

针对共享汽车运营商的油车和电车混合车队调度问题，本文将自由流动式和站点借还式两种运营模式相结合，提出考虑用户用车类型偏好的共享汽车系统优化模型。模型为油车和电车车队分别设置了自由流动式和站点借还式的运营模式，并进行运营范围决策、站点选址和车辆调度优化；运营商优先满足用户的用车类型偏好选择，对无法满足偏好的用户进行补贴。根据优化模型基本特征，设计基于梯度的启发式求解方法，对大规模非线性混合整数规划模型进行求解；针对案例区域，比较有无补贴的混合车队模式和单一车队模式的优化结果。结果表明：相比无补贴模式，有补贴模式能够鼓励偏好燃油汽车的用户更多地使用电动汽车，需求满足率从73.4%提高到78.2%，运营商利润提高了46.4%；相比单一类型车队，混合车队能够吸引更多用户使用共享汽车，用户需求数提高了40.6%。     

城市单向交通规划方案的能效判别法

单向交通组织规划改变了车流原有的运行状态,使得路网中各路段的交通流量和行车速度发生变化,车流在规划区域的能源消耗和废气的排放也要发生相应的变化．在已知规划区域节点0D的条件下,假定影响车辆排放因子的其他因素不改变,通过交通仿真获得单向交通规划方案的各路段的交通流量和运行车速,利用能源消耗模型和车辆排放模型,计算出单向交通和双向交通组织状况下的能源消耗和废气排放量,再运用比值法建立了单向交通规划方案的能效判别模型,对单向交通规划方案的能效进行判别．     

Incentivized vehicle relocation in vehicle sharing systems

The asymmetric demand-offer problem represents a major challenge for one-way vehicle sharing systems (VSS) affecting their economic viability as it necessitates the engagement of considerable human (and financial) resources in relocating vehicles to satisfy customer demand. In this paper, we propose a novel approach which involves user-based vehicle relocations to address supply-and-demand mismatches; in our approach, VSS users are offered price incentives so as to accept picking up their vehicle from an oversupplied station and/or to drop it off to an under-supplied station. The system incentivizes users based on the priorities of vehicle relocations among stations, taking into account the fluctuating demand for vehicles and parking places at different stations over time. A graph-theoretic approach is employed for modeling the problem of allocating vehicles to users in a way that maximizes the profit of the system taking into account the budget the VSS can afford to spend for rewarding users, as well as the users’ strategic behavior. We present two different schemes for incentivizing users to act in favour of the system. Both schemes consider budget constraints and are truthful and budget-feasible. We have extensively evaluated our approach through simulations which demonstrated significant gain with respect to the number of completed trips and system revenue. We have also validated our approach through pilot trials conducted in a free-floating e-motorbike sharing system in the framework of an EU-funded research project.     

Assessing the viability of enabling a round-trip carsharing system to accept one-way trips: Application to Logan Airport in Boston

Although one-way carsharing is suitable for more trip purposes than round-trip carsharing, many companies in the world operate only in the round-trip market. In this paper, we develop a method that optimizes the design of a one-way carsharing service between selected origin–destination pairs of an existing round-trip carsharing system. The goal is to supplement the established round-trip services with new one-way services and increase profitability. We develop an integer programming model to select the set of new one-way services and apply it to the case study of Boston, USA, considering only trips with one endpoint at a station in the round-trip Zipcar service network and the other endpoint at Logan Airport. The airport was chosen as a necessary endpoint for a one-way service because it is a very significant trip generator for which the round-trip carsharing is not suitable. Results show that these supplemental one-way services could be profitable. Enabling relocation operations between the existing round-trip stations and the Airport greatly improves the demand effectively satisfied, leads to an acceptable airport station size (in terms of the number of parking spots required), and is profitable; however, these benefits come with the need to manage relocation operations.     

轿车MT1档同步器的新结构

手动变速器的1挡同步器2种使用工况：一是在停车起步挂入1档时，不需要同步器起作用；二是在行驶减速换入1档时，又需要有较大的同步器容量。为满足上述要求，一些新型同步器应运而生。单向同步器和大容量同步器等站构，在现代轿车的1档同步器中已经屡见不鲜。文中介绍了这2种同步器的结构原理和设计计算，以便于在国产变速器中得到应用。     

钢管混凝土系杆拱桥叠合梁局部应力分析

采用ANSYS11.0,对某下承式单索面钢箱叠合梁钢管混凝土系杆拱桥的叠合梁进行了局部分析,重点关注混凝土桥面单向板和叠合梁钢板在车辆荷载作用下的应力大小和分布情况。通过实际计算分析,给出了桥面单向板在对称布载和偏载作用下产生的拉应力的范围和大小以及叠合梁钢板的最大mises应力,为相似结构的设计与施工提供参考。     

单向交通条件下信号交叉口通行能力计算方法

为科学合理地指导单向交通的规划和设置,对单向交通条件下信号交叉口通行能力的计算问题进行探讨。在进行单向交通对交叉口交通影响分析的基础上,对不同信号相位、不同单向交通设置形式进行分类讨论并给出计算公式。最后通过具体实例的计算比较,证实给出的计算公式具有较高精度,可为行业标准及规范的制定提供参考。