基于多点线圈联合数据的高速公路匝道影响范围识别

为准确识别高速公路匝道对主线车流的影响等级和范围，本文提出基于速度波动特性的高速公路匝道影响量化方法。通过建立改进加权速度排列熵指标以量化各服务水平下匝道对高速公路主线车流的影响，对建立的指标进行谱聚类分析来确定匝道的影响阈值。应用京昆高速及二广高速的99个平行式合流匝道和直接式分流匝道多点主线线圈检测器数据的分析结果表 明，所提出方法可识别高速公路主线车流受匝道的影响程度。合流匝道对主线最外侧车道的影响比次外侧车道高4%~69%；A~C级服务水平下，分流匝道对上游主线最外侧车道影响程度比次 外侧车道高6%~29%，D~F级服务水平下，最外侧车道受影响程度比次外侧车道低10%~13%。合流匝道的影响范围是合流点上游350m至下游550m；其中上游160m至下游100m和下游180~ 270m为核心影响范围。分流匝道影响范围为分流点至主线上游850m，其中750~850m、450~ 600m、100~300m为核心影响范围。研究成果可为高速公路匝道交通设计、管控策略和提升仿真可靠性提供依据，可有效降低设置匝道带来的影响。     

因地制宜,综合施治,务实解决街坊小区积水顽症

上海市杨浦区某些街坊小区一遇暴雨即产生严重的积水问题。通过调查研究，找出病症，提出改造方案．有效地解决了小区的积水顽症。本文结合实际，总结了若干综合技术措施和行政管理、协调手段。     

和邢铁路中野沟门水库地区局部方案研究

针对和邢铁路如何跨越野沟门水库,重点研究铁路跨越水库选线时应具体考虑的各种因素.野沟门水库是以防洪、灌溉、养鱼、发电、旅游、工业用水等为用途的水利工程.根据野沟门水库的具体情况,从选线的角度研究了3个方案;从桥梁孔跨布置角度研究了2个方案.最终经全面分析比较,选出最经济合理的跨越方案.     

西南及邻区高速铁路岩溶工程地质分区研究

我国西南及邻区发育分布有大量的可溶岩,随着中西部高速铁路建设的加大,大量的铁路不可避免的穿越岩溶发育区,岩溶问题给该区域的高速铁路选线及建设带来巨大的挑战。根据多条已建成和在建的岩溶山区高速铁路岩溶工程地质问题,探讨这些地区高速铁路建设所面临的主要岩溶工程地质问题。拟定以地形地貌、气候和高铁主要岩溶问题为主控因素的分区原则,构建高原岩溶区、斜坡过渡带岩溶区、岩溶化平原区等3大高速铁路岩溶工程地质区;在此基础上基于地层岩性、地质构造、岩溶发育程度和岩溶水系统特征为控制因素的分区原则,细分为17个高铁岩溶工程地质亚区。高速铁路岩溶工程地质分区的研究成果,有利于针对西南及邻区不同的岩溶工程地质分区特点,制定相应的高速铁路勘察设计方案,以查明铁路建设遇到的复杂岩溶工程地质问题,拟定相应的工程措施,规避铁路建设的工程风险。     

基于数据挖掘的城市机动车停车调查分析研究

进行城市机动车停车场规划前需要开展停车场调查,以得到停车场的基本特征参数、机动车进出记录和停车者的停车行为等信息。通过数据挖掘中的一些方法可以在数据库中挖掘出有用的信息。根据机动车进出停车场的记录计算一系列的停车指标,并借助多元统计分析中典型相关分析的方法,分析停车指标与停车场基本特征参数之间的关系。然后利用关联规则挖掘停车问询调查数据中的潜在信息,分析停车者的行为特征,以掌握更多的停车信息。     

Policy packages for modal shift and CO2 reduction in Lille,France

This paper proposes different policy scenarios to cut CO₂ emissions caused by the urban mobility of passengers. More precisely, we compare the effects of the ‘direct tool’ of carbon tax, to a combination of ‘indirect tools’ – not originally aimed at reducing CO₂ (i.e. congestion charging, parking charges and a reduction in public transport travel time) in terms of CO₂ impacts through a change in the modal split. In our model, modal choices depend on individual characteristics, trip features (including the effects of policy tools), and land use at origin and destination zones. Personal “CO₂ emissions budgets” resulting from the trips observed in the metropolitan area of Lille (France) in 2006 are calculated and compared to the situation related to the different policy scenarios. We find that an increase of 50% in parking charges combined with a cordon toll of €1.20 and a 10% travel time decrease in public transport services (made after recycling toll-revenues) is the winning scenario. The combined effects of all the policy scenarios are superior to their separate effects.     

Modeling the impact of parking price policy on free-floating carsharing: Case study for Zurich,Switzerland

The research on carsharing has already shown that a non-negligible part of carsharing members give up a vehicle after joining a carsharing program, or avoid a vehicle purchase. This arguably reduces overall parking space needed. This might well be one of the most important impacts of a carsharing program on the transportation system, but also one of the least researched. The rapid diffusion of free-floating carsharing, which for its very nature might have a stronger impact on parking, makes the relationship between carsharing and parking an appealing topic for new research. This work presents a method for the investigation of this relationship using an agent-based simulation and explores the impacts of different parking prices on the demand for free-floating carsharing in the city of Zurich, Switzerland. Three levels of free-floating fleet-size in the city of Zurich coupled with three levels of parking prices were simulated. The obtained results show that free-floating vehicles are able to use parking spaces more efficiently than private vehicles. Moreover, the average parking occupancy tends to be more homogeneous with higher fleet-size of free-floating carsharing and with the increase of parking prices, thus avoiding spatial parking pressure peaks.     

Electric vehicles and residential parking in an urban environment: Results from a stated preference experiment

This paper presents the results of a preference survey of 1545 respondents’ willingness to purchase electric vehicles (EVs) in Philadelphia. We pay particular attention to respondents’ willingness to pay for convenient charging systems and parking spaces. If the value of dedicated parking substantially outweighs the value of convenient charging systems, residential-based on-street charging systems are unlikely to ever be politically palatable. As expected, respondents are generally willing to pay for longer range, shorter charging times, lower operating costs, and shorter parking search times. For a typical respondent, a $100 per month parking charge decreases the odds of purchasing an EV by around 65%. Across mixed logit and latent class models, we find substantial variation in the willingness to pay for EV range, charge time, and ease of parking. Of note, we find two primary classes of respondents with substantially different EV preferences. The first class tends to live in multifamily housing units in central parts of the city and puts a high value on parking search time and the availability of on-street charging stations. The second class, whose members are likelier to be married, wealthy, conservative, and residing in single-family homes in more distant neighborhoods, are willing to pay more for EV range and charge time, but less for parking than the first group. They are also much likelier to consider purchasing EVs at all. We recommend that future research into EV adoption incorporate neighborhood-level features, like parking availability and average trip distances, which vary by neighborhood and almost certainly influence EV adoption.     

Integrated Transport System of the South-Moravian Region and its impact on rural development

It is generally presupposed that the infrastructure and availability of services of general interest (like schools, medical care, social services and also public transport) impact on present demographic development in rural areas, namely depopulation and aging. Such services affect the quality of life of local people and sometimes they perform a vital necessity. It is possible to say that the absence of the mentioned services should be compensated by an effective system of public transport. In other case, especially those people who are not able to use individual cars due to the age, health, legal conditions or financial situation are bequeathed on an assistance of the family or neighbors or they stay cut off and excluded. This paper is aimed at the verification of the presupposition in the case of the South-Moravian Region – NUTS 3 region occupying the south-eastern part of the Czech Republic, bordering with Austria and Slovakia. The research method lies in analysis of the frequency, travel time and fare of public transport system and its comparison with demographic development in rural areas, especially in the peripheral ones. The results are discussed in view of the system of central places in the region and present urbanization processes like suburbanization, counterurbanization and reurbanization.     

Investigating Causal Pathways Linking Site-Level Characteristics,Compliance, and Ecological Performance in Caribbean MPAs

A rapidly growing body of empirical evidence has linked improved ecological performance of social–ecological systems (SES) with better compliance with rules governing human activities. Researchers have proposed several key factors that motivate an individual to comply with resource use rules, including deterrence, social pressures, moral inclinations, and perceived legitimacy of rules and responsible authorities. Much of the research on compliance proposes causal mechanisms at the individual human level, but few studies test causal paths with empirical data particularly at the site level. This study tested a proposed pathway for explaining overall compliance rates and ecological performance in SES using data from structured surveys of community members, key informant interviews, policy documents, and coral reef surveys at marine protected areas (MPAs) and their associated human communities in the wider Caribbean. Findings indicate that compliance and other active MPA management interventions positively affect ecological performance, and site-level contextual factors (level of community development and being part of a political network) positively influence significant predictors of overall compliance rates, which include active MPA management and enforced punishments.