温度对旋转钻进破岩功耗的影响研究

岩石在常温、常压下的变形破坏理论已非常成熟，但随着钻探深度不断的增加，岩石将要面临高地温、高围压的环境，这些因素将直接影响钻进过程。通过研究旋转钻进过程中能量的传递转移，建立岩石破碎的简化模型，利用单位体积破岩能耗来探究温度对钻进过程的影响。研究结果表明:随着钻进深度的增加，在一定的围压作用下，温度升高而岩石的弹性模量却逐渐减小，压入深度随温度升高呈抛物线形上升，破岩功耗随温度呈曲线上升，并在经过阀值温度400℃后趋于平缓。     

基于D-P准则的深埋隧道破碎化分区规律研究

深部洞室开挖因应力重分布而使围岩出现松动区、塑性区、弹性区,基于D-P准则对深埋隧道围岩破碎化分区提出划分准则,利用ANSYS软件分析不同埋深3个区域发展状况并与规范推荐荷载高度进行对比,揭示埋深对松动区、塑性区半径的影响。研究结果表明,Rp,Rc与埋深H近似呈线性关系,与芬纳公式走向基本一致;当埋深超过某一临界埋深时,松动区迅速发展而呈现指数型增长;松动区分布形态及范围随埋深不同而呈现明显差异。     

骨架密实结构水泥稳定碎石粗集料抗破碎性能研究

粗集料形成的骨架结构对骨架密实结构水泥稳定碎石路用性能有较大影响。在室内利用振动压实设备对不同级配4.75～26．5mm的粗集料进行上振压实,并对压实后的粗集料进行了破碎情况试验。试验结果表明粗集料的破碎程度不但与压实后粗集料的孔隙率而且与集料中较粗颗粒含量有关。在几种级配形式中连续级配粗集料在压实后孔隙率最小,集料中粗颗粒含量适中,故破碎程度较小。     

镶齿滚刀破岩机理及效率的旋转破岩试验

随着隧道工程建设的不断增多,镶齿滚刀已被广泛应用于多种开挖机械,如隧道掘进机、反井钻机、采掘机等,不同破岩参数下镶齿滚刀的破岩机理及破岩效率研究,对提高机械掘进效率、降低施工成本有重要意义。应用北京工业大学自主研制的多功能机械破岩试验平台,选用直径304.8 mm（12英寸）的镶齿滚刀对尺寸为1 000 mm×1 000 mm×600 mm的北山花岗岩进行旋转切割破岩试验研究。通过对排齿及整刀进行不同贯入度的旋转切割试验,并应用荧光裂纹检测法对侵入坑下方裂纹进行检测,研究镶齿滚刀的破岩规律。结果表明：①镶齿滚刀为"递进式"破岩,破岩开始于相邻小齿间距的球齿之间,而后发展到相邻的大排间距的球齿之间;②第3排球齿破岩效率最高,且整刀在贯入度为1.5 mm时破岩效率最高;③应用荧光裂纹检测法分析滚刀下方岩体裂纹分布特征,发现每排球齿下的裂纹扩展方向及范围存在较大差异。裂纹分布特征分析结果与通过滚刀力、岩片分析得出的镶齿滚刀破岩效率的结论相一致。该研究可为机械开挖设备滚刀布置、刀型优化及施工运行参数优化提供试验参考和理论依据。     

67CrVA弹簧钢在斯太尔发动机气门弹簧上的应用试验

针对由67CrVA弹簧钢制造的斯太尔发动机气门弹簧进行了各项性能试验，结果表明，气门弹簧经合适的喷丸强化、热强压工艺处理后，其疲劳寿命、负荷损失率均达到标准要求；松弛试验结果表明，67CrVA弹簧钢是一种具有良好的抗松弛性能和疲劳性能的材料。最后进行了装机试验，经l000h台架试验，67CrVA弹簧钢制造的斯太尔发动机气门弹簧性能指标达到了QZZ1ll8—1994标准的要求。     

The changing role of decision support instruments in integrated infrastructure planning: lessons from the Sustainability Check

This article draws lessons about recent innovations in decision support for coping with challenges in integrated infrastructure planning strategies. After setting up a conceptual framework for the scope of analysis and the use of information in infrastructure planning, the empirical section explores the introduction of early-stage sustainability assessment tools. Data collection draws on experiences gained in the Netherlands with a new tool: ‘Sustainability Check’. We conclude that such instruments have a number of capacities that address the challenges of area-oriented planning: (a) bringing together information about the comprehensive value of alternatives, (b) facilitating the generation of alternatives, (c) addressing institutional fragmentation by learning about referential frames, and (d) adding contextual perspectives to the ‘hard’ outcomes of conventional tools. We also conclude that tools such as Sustainability Check should not be seen as a replacement for conventional decision support tools, but rather as complementary to them.     

斐波那契数列在静态数据调度算法中的应用

数据调度算法在视频点播系统中扮演举足轻重的作用,本文在经典递归函数（俗称摩天大楼算法）的基础上提出了一种新的视频分段算法,并在100～600 Mbit/s服务器网卡带宽模式下,对新算法、摩天大楼算法和金字塔算法及近年的广义沟槽斐波那契算法进行了仿真.通过分析实验数据中对各个算法的启动时延和磁盘存储需求,对代理服务器中热点视频分段的命中率进行了比较,获得了更好的网络传输效果.     

Characterizing the fragmentation level of Italian’s National Parks due to transportation infrastructures

In the last decades, due to the population increase and the relative need of new land to cultivate, expand urban centers and develop transportation networks, most of the Italian natural protected areas are subject to different typologies of human pressures that generally cause habitat fragmentation. This process represents a major concern for biodiversity conservation and a key driver of species loss.The main purpose of this paper was to investigate levels of natural habitat fragmentation due to roads and railways networks in the Italian National Parks (INP_S) through the use of an Infrastructural Fragmentation Index (IFI).All the operations (geospatial analysis, image classification, and fragmentation analysis) were performed using a Geographic Information System (GIS) software for elaborating a national database. The obtained results include an IFI value for each natural territorial unit inside any INP. Moreover, in order to highlight which are the INP_S characterized by higher infrastructural fragmentations, an IFI weighted mean was calculated for each INP. These results represent important indicators for the prioritization of biodiversity conservation interventions and the planning of a INP_S sustainable management.     

飞鱼泽隧道洞口出洞技术方案

文章结合飞鱼泽隧道工程实例，介绍了松散破碎山体、洞口偏压地段公路隧道出洞的技术方案、施工方法、步骤及其注意事项，以供在类似的隧道工程施工中借鉴应用。     

Transportation planning and quiet natural areas preservation: Aircraft overflights noise assessment in a National Park

Global transportation growth causes several disproportionate impacts on the environment as, for instance, noise pollution which is related to negative effects on human health but also to quiet natural areas decline and biodiversity loss. Besides, sound is a component of ecosystems severely threatened by transportation noise disturbance which is related to negative effects on ecosystem functions. This study deals with aircraft noise impact on natural environments from a multiple innovative perspective. It complementarily combines: noise modeling, field measurements, soundscape audibility, human perception and spatial pattern tools for assessing the chronic growing outdoor noise pollution of ecosystems at landscape scale. Firstly, noticeable soundscape degradation from aircraft overflights has been found causing severe acoustic fragmentation and disruptions in the quietness of a national park in Spain (European Union). Air traffic caused sound pressure levels to increase by approximately 8 decibels from natural ambient levels. Secondly, spatial pattern tools together with noise mapping have been found to be useful in providing decision support for decisions-making through anthropogenic noise impact assessment on the natural environment. Finally, public opinion did not perceive aircraft noise-disruption as being as relevant as that quantified by technical procedures. Although 82% of visitors agree that anthropogenic noise pollution may negatively impact on conservation.