沥青混合料转运车作业质量

论述了传统沥青混凝土路面施工工艺存在的缺陷及其原因,确定了沥青混合料转运车作业质量试验的目的、意义及试验研究的内容和方法,以工程施工实践证明了转运摊铺施工工艺可以有效减少混合料材料离析和温度离析现象,同时能提高铺设成型路面的平整度.     

骨架密实结构水泥稳定碎石离析原因及改善措施

骨架密实结构水泥稳定碎石混合料中粗集料的含量增加,实际使用过程中混合料离析的可能性较大.在分析其产生离析的原因后,分别从混合料的材料组成设计、混合料的拌和装车、运输和摊铺等方面提出了改进措施,同时给出了定量评价混合料离析程度的试验方法和相应指标.     

Vehicle kilometers traveled reduction impacts of Transit-Oriented Development: Evidence from Shanghai City

The role of residential self-selection has become a major subject in the debate over the relationships between the built environment and travel behavior. Numerous previous empirical studies on this subject have provided valuable insights into the associations between the built environment and travel behavior. However, the vast majority of the studies were conducted in North American and European cities; yet this research is still in its infancy in most developing countries, including China, where residential and transport choices are likely to be more constrained and travel-related attitudes quite different from those in the developed world. Using the data collected from 2038 residents currently living in TOD neighborhoods and non-TOD neighborhoods in Shanghai City, this paper aims to partly fill the gaps by investigating the causal relationship between the built environment and travel behavior in the Chinese context. More specifically, this paper employs Heckman’s sample selection model to examine the reduction impacts of TOD on personal vehicle kilometers traveled (VKT), controlling for self-selection. The results show that whilst the effects of residential self-selection are apparent; the built environment exhibits the most significant impacts on travel behavior, playing the dominant role. These findings produce a sound basis for local policymakers to better understand the nature and magnitude toward the impacts of the built environment on travel behavior. Providing the government department with reassurance that effective interventions and policies on land use aimed toward altering the built environment would actually lead to meaningful changes in travel behavior.     

Residential built environment and walking activity: Empirical evidence of Jane Jacobs’ urban vitality

This study intends to empirically verify Jacobs’ urban vitality theory, which was based on the observations of her New York City neighborhood in the mid-20th century. To examine the relationship between the residential built environment and walking activity, we used telephone survey data consisting of 1823 valid samples from across Seoul, a city characterized by a high population density and a well-established public transportation system. Respondents were asked questions about their residential location, their demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, and their walking activities. This study then used geographic information systems to measure objective indicators of built environment variables within 500-meter buffer areas based on the home addresses of the respondents. Then, this study constructed multilevel regression models with walking activity as the dependent variable. Our results indicated that walking activity is associated with Jacobs’ six conditions for urban vitality, including land use mix, density, block size, building age, accessibility, and border vacuums.     

道路混凝土分层结构评价方法与指标研究(英文)

结合机理探寻、试验分析和对大量实体工程检测数据的提炼集成,系统研究了道路混凝土外分层与内分层结构,建立起混凝土分层结构模型及评价方法。建议采用密度变异性和吸水率变异性指标评价道路混凝土外分层和内分层结构,为工艺控制道路混凝土内、外分层奠定了基础。     

Residential segregation and commuting patterns of migrant workers in China

In China, many rural migrant workers experience residential segregation and live in urbanizing villages, due to China’s unique institutional context (e.g. land tenure system, hukou system) as well as exclusionary housing regulations. The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether these urbanizing villages provide good job accessibility for rural migrant workers. We explore this problem by investigating the commuting patterns of migrant workers. Through a survey conducted in 2009 across four mega-regions in China that are currently experiencing rapid urbanization, we collected individual level information on rural migrant workers’ commute distances and durations, demographics, household socioeconomic status, and whether the migrant worker is living in an urbanizing village or not. From residential address information collected in the survey, we constructed a group of built environment variables. Using IV Tobit models to address the endogeneity issues associated with residential location choice, our analyses show that these urbanizing villages actually provide relatively good accessibility to job opportunities. This result is different from what is suggested by the spatial mismatch literature based on U.S. data. This research helps to fill the gap in the literature on the relationship between residential segregation, built environment and travel behavior in the Chinese context. The findings have implications for policymaking, especially when many government officials are proposing to demolish urbanizing villages without fully realizing the benefits of these villages. This research could also provide useful information for other developing countries facing residential segregation of migrants or immigrants.     

基于X-ray CT和离散元法级配离析对沥青混合料骨架结构力学性能的影响

为从细观角度探究分析级配离析对沥青混合料骨架结构力学性能的影响,基于X-ray CT断层图像扫描技术和离散元法建立三维混合料骨架模型,对不同级配离析情况下的混合料骨架内部受力情况、抵抗荷载性能、应力传递性能等方面进行了对比和研究。结果表明:提出了利用X-ray CT断层图像扫描技术构建更接近于真实形态的集料颗粒模型的方法;骨架结构中较粗集料承受了主要的外力荷载作用;以典型的SMA-16级配为例,4.75~9.5 mm档集料是构成该级配集料骨架的关键粒径;骨架结构中细集料的增多有助于提高骨架的抗压强度,发生粗集料离析时,抗压强度将随着离析程度的加剧而显著地降低;不同的级配离析状态对混合料骨架结构的竖向与横向应力传递性能产生不同影响,其中细集料离析对应力传递性能的影响更大。     

Impact of telecommuting and intelligent transportation systems on residential location choice

The impacts of telecommuting and intelligent transportation systems (ITS) on urban development patterns were investigated in terms of households' residential location choice decisions. A discrete choice modelling approach framework was used. A stated preference (SP) logit analysis was carried out to estimate the parameters of the utility function. An attitude survey of employees of selected public and private sector organizations in the Ottawa-Carleton Region (Canada) yielded the required data for model estimation. In addition to obtaining background information, the survey elicited SP responses by presenting a number of hypothetical residential choice scenarios defined according to the principles of SP experimental design. Results show that telecommuting and ITS measures are highly significant factors in the residential choice model. This leads to the conclusion that these reinforce dispersed residential patterns and encourage moves towards outlying sites. Implications of this conclusion for urban land development planning are noted.     

沥青路面摊铺离析的产生与控制

对沥青混合料的级配离析和温度离析现象产生的原因进行分析和讨论,指出摊铺机结构和施工方法不当是造成级配离析的主要原因;而自卸卡车的运输过程是造成温度离析的主要原因,并相应地提出了控制措施。     

温度对橡胶沥青存储性能的影响

采用几种不同拌和温度制备的橡胶沥青,测试其基本性能指标及离析情况,再将剩余橡胶沥青静置存放在与其拌和温度相同的烘箱中20h,然后测定其各项指标.结果显示,随着拌和温度的升高,橡胶沥青的针入度、延度增加,离析实验软化点差变大,而软化点、黏度下降.储存后橡胶沥青的针入度、延度有所上升,而软化点、黏度会有所下降,且离析加剧....