大跨地铁风道导洞开挖的地表沉降分布规律研究

北京地铁8号线大红门桥站-和义站区间附属风道为跨度16.2 m的单跨结构,采用暗挖洞桩法(PBA工法)施工。为有效控制导洞开挖引起的地表沉降,必须合理安排导洞施工顺序。基于三维数值模拟方法对不同的导洞开挖方案地表沉降分布规律进行研究,并与地表沉降监测结果进行比较分析。结果表明:不同的导洞开挖顺序的地表沉降发展路径差别显著,但最终的沉降值基本一致;随着导洞的开挖,地表沉降槽宽度增加并不明显,但是由于导洞开挖的群洞效应,地表沉降速度发展较快。因此在后续的拱部开挖支护中,必须通过调整支护措施和开挖方案来严格控制地层沉降。     

山区高速公路填石路堤压实质量控制

目前对填石路堤的施工工艺与质量控制标准,世界各国、各地区的方法都不尽相同。本文针对填石路堤的特点,以宜长高速公路填石路堤为例,探讨和研究了山区高速公路填石路堤压实质量控制技术,将压实度、固体体积率、碾压遍数、松铺厚度、沉降率、动态模量等多种质量控制标准进行比较,从而比较合理地提出了填石路堤快速无损检测及质量控制方法。     

GPR在高速公路隧道掘进中掌子面前方岩体结构超前预报工作中的应用

以上(海)瑞(丽)高速公路湖南境内邵(阳)-怀(化)段芭蕉溪隧道掘进中掌子面前方岩体结构的超前预报为例,通过地质雷达(GPR)探测,结合TSP203探测以及开挖掌子面的详细地质素描等工作,可以实时、详细、准确地了解开挖掌子面前方的岩体结构情况,为施工单位合理安排施工作业进度、减少工程隐患提供科学依据。     

基于岩体指标和掘进参数的TBM净掘进速率预测模型

净掘进速率是TBM施工速度的主要评价指标,与围岩物理力学性质、TBM掘进参数之间存在一定相关性。文章以兰州水源地建设工程输水隧洞双护盾TBM施工为背景,基于现场实测数据,选择岩石单轴抗压强度、抗拉强度、变形模量、泊松比、岩石耐磨性CAI值等岩体指标,以及刀盘推力和刀盘转速等掘进参数,进行TBM净掘进速率与有关影响参数之间的单因素相关性分析,得到相应拟合公式;基于TBM净掘进速率与岩体指标、掘进参数之间的相关性,利用多元非线性回归方法建立了TBM净掘进速率预测模型。通过将兰州水源地建设工程输水隧洞实测TBM净掘进速率和预测结果进行对比,验证了TBM净掘进速率预测模型的合理性。研究结果表明:(1)在复杂的多种地质条件下,TBM净掘进速率与岩石单轴抗压强度、抗拉强度、变形模量、岩石耐磨性CAI值、刀盘推力以及刀盘转速呈负相关关系,与泊松比呈正相关关系;(2)干湿状态对岩石耐磨性CAI值有一定影响,饱和状态下岩石耐磨性CAI值与TBM净掘进速率之间的相关性更显著;(3)建立的多元非线性回归预测模型,预测精度较高,可为相似地质条件下TBM净掘进速率估算提供参考。     

Back-Calculation of Ground Stress Field and Rockburst Analysis for Wunvfeng Tunnel北大核心CSCD

Studying the in-situ stress distribution at a tunnel site is very important to determine surrounding rock characteristics, the engineering design and the construction scheme. By using the multiple linear regression method based on the least square algorithm, the initial geostress field is analyzed and the corresponding regression coefficients are obtained. The ground stress obtained from the proposed back analysis is reasonable and can meet the demands of the engineering applications. From the rockburst risk level distribution diagram, it is speculated that the Wunvfeng tunnel is in the high filed stress area. Field monitoring should be strengthened and emergency plans should be made to cope with the rockburst risks during the construction process. © 2018, Editorial Office of "Modern Tunnelling Technology". All right reserved.     

Analysis on the Characteristics and Development Trends of the Support Technology of High Ground Stress Tunnels in China北大核心CSCD

Combining the present situation and development trend of different tunnel support technologies at home and abroad, this paper analyzes the problems of rockburst in hard rock tunnels and large deformation in soft rock tunnels caused by high ground stress. It is concluded that: 1) regarding the rockburst problem, the current support technology is mainly influenced by the rock burst mechanism which is dominated by static factors, and so the used support components are generally of smaller deformation performance and "passive support" properties; 2) as the rockburst is the result of dynamic-static stress coupling, and only the anchor bolt has the "active support" attribute in the current "shotcrete+anchor bolt+wire net" support system, so the best support system should have the two functions of active support and energy release in terms of the rockburst problem, and the key focus of the research and development is anchorage members; 3) there are three main support types for large deformation in soft rock tunnels, e.g. the heavy support, layered support and yielding support. Among them, the heavy support system in underground cavern with large deformation is easy to induce excessive surrounding rock pressure, and so the applicable conditions are limited. The layered support system is still not the best choice due to its immature theoretical study, difficult determination of the thickness value and the installation time of each support layer and the interference to construction progress. With the characteristics of timely support and yielding while supporting, the yielding support system can give full play to the performance values of surrounding rocks and supporting materials, and make both of them reach the optimal state, so it is the best choice for supporting the soft rock tunnels with large deformations. © 2018, Editorial Office of "Modern Tunnelling Technology". All right reserved.     

挤压性地层中隧道围岩变形控制

从穿越瑞士列奇堡隧道的挤压变形性极强的碳质页岩带的经验中,可以得出下述结论：圆形含承压单元的支护截面,其收敛变形性总趋势要比马蹄形不含承压单元的支护截面小；圆形支护截面与马蹄形支护截面的变形性没有本质的区别；由于山体构造的不均一性,导致开挖断面的不规则变形,这是使承压单元过早脱落的原因。     

基于ASP.NET技术的围岩分级系统开发

文章介绍了开发的基于互联网的围岩分级系统。该系统以ASP.NET技术为基础,结合了数据库技术、支持向量机技术、MATLAB接口等技术,实现了掌子面围岩信息的编录存储、围岩级别的智能判别等功能,并能使设计、专家、业主等人员通过互联网就可以及时了解到掌子面的围岩状况,对围岩级别进行综合判定,提高了隧道施工的信息化程度。     

裂隙围岩的双场耦合可靠性分析

应力场和渗流场在裂隙围岩中的耦合变化规律,是非常复杂的力学过程。运用断裂损伤力学和可靠性评价原理,可推导出裂隙围岩可靠度表达式,说明可靠度与应力分布、渗流力作用、节理分布和岩体性质的相互关系。文章利用推导的裂隙围岩可靠度表达式,在雪峰山隧道YK97 847处进行计算验证,结果表明,在裂隙围岩中,可靠度低的部位不一定在主应力方位,也不一定在隧道顶端,而是因地应力分布、渗透水压、节理分布和岩体性质等综合作用,使局部围岩可靠度相对较低,该处围岩最容易变形坍塌。此研究结果可为隧道支护施工提供参考。     

天然岩沥青对沥青路用性能的影响研究

采用布敦岩沥青及国产青川岩沥青分别对基质沥青进行改性,应用动态剪切流变试验、低温弯曲梁流变试验及旋转薄膜老化试验,全面研究岩沥青类型及掺量对沥青的高温流变性能、低温流变性能和抗老化性等路用性能的影响。试验结果表明:岩沥青的掺加对基质沥青的路用性能具有良好的改善作用;对于不同类型岩沥青,沥青的高温流变性能均随着岩沥青掺量的不断增大而不断改善,低温流变性能则略有降低,抗老化性能不断增强;在相同岩沥青掺量条件下,国产青川岩沥青对沥青的高温性能、低温性能及抗老化性能等路用性能的改善效果均优于布敦岩沥青。