Young drivers and graduated licensing: The Ontario case

Despite improvements in road safety over the past several decades, accident rates remain high for young drivers. One accident countermeasure that is expected to improve the safety record of this group is graduated licensing. The philosophy behind this licensing system is that novice drivers, of whom the majority are young, should be restricted to relatively safe driving environments during the initial learning period. Graduated licensing was implemented in the Province of Ontario, Canada in 1994. The objective of this study is to estimate the potential benefits and costs for young drivers associated with two components of the Ontario graduated licensing package: the late-night driving curfew and the high-speed roadway restrictions. Based on accident and travel data for the year 1988, accident-involvement rates per kilometre driven were calculated for different driver groups for various combinations of time of day and roadway speed limit. These rates were then applied to the expected mobility profiles of young drivers affected by graduated licensing. The results of the study support the late-night curfew and suggest that this component of the licensing package should reduce total accident involvements for the affected group by up to 10 percent and fatal accident involvements by up to 24 percent, while reducing their total driving by only four percent. By contrast, the empirical evidence suggest that the high-speed roadway restrictions are likely to increase accident involvements, and thus it is strongly recommended that this component of Ontario's graduated licensing package be changed.     

论海事行政许可裁量基准制度的构建

国务院在2010年发布的《关于加强法治政府建设的意见》中明确提出要建立行政裁量权基准制度,然而实务界却将这一制度狭隘的适用于行政处罚领域。分析认为,海事行政许可裁量基准对于统一海事行政执法标准、避免权力滥用以及提升许可效率具有重要作用。在构建策略上,应当明确基准的制定主体、生成路径以及基本格式和内容,以此为基础,提出了海事行政许可裁量基准的初步方案设计。     

船舶签证中使用可擦笔的法律问题探讨

文中分析探讨部分行政相对人在不同阶段、不同情形下使用可擦笔的法律后果和执法中的困境，并提出了相应的解决机制。     

Technology Spillover and Licensing Strategy of Patentee

The optimal license proportions with and without technology spillover are analyzed with a game-theoretical approach when a patent-holding firm licensed non-drastic process innovation to his incumbent rivals by means of a first price sealed bid auction. The optimal strategy is obtained through solving the game by backward induction. It is found that the range of optimal license proportion is narrower when there is spillover compared to the no spillover case.     

禁宵对年轻驾驶员的安全倾向性影响(英文)

本论文的目的是利用相对危险暴露量理论,探讨密西根州年轻人驾照政策中禁宵令对年轻驾驶员的安全倾向性的影响。禁宵令的有效性体现在两个层面:1)相对于控制组而言,受影响的年轻驾驶员的危险暴露量和危险参与率有显著性减少或者降低;2)通过计算一天内每小时的年轻人的危险暴露量,发现危险暴露量有明显的转移到禁宵前后的几个小时的趋势。     

浅谈道路运输行政许可工作的主要问题及对策

从行政许可的基本概念出发,阐述做好道路运输行政许可工作的意义,分析了目前道路运输行政许可工作存在的问题,提出规范行政许可工作措施,以期完善道路运输执法、促进道路运输依法行政。     

The economics of airport noise: How to manage markets for noise licenses

This paper discusses various issues in the implementation of a local market for aircraft noise licenses to solve the noise externalities harming the residents located near airports. The design of such markets is affected by aircraft heterogeneity, wind contingencies, peak times, runways capacity constraints, hub strategies, and airport planning is discussed.     

REAL-TIME LICENSING MANAGEMENT OF SECURE MULTIMEDIA CONTENT DELIVERY

Media Commerce is now becoming a new trend which results from faster development of network bandwidth and high availability of multimedia technologies, how to protect media content from being used in a rightviolated way is one of most important issues to take into account. In this paper, a novel and efficient authorization and authentication Digital Rights Management (DRM) schema is proposed firstly for secure multimedia delivery, then based on the schema, a real-time digital signature algorithm built on Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) is adopted for fast authentication and verification of licensing management, thus secure multimedia delivery via TCP/RTP can efficiently work with real-time transaction response and high Quality of Service (QoS) . Performance evaluations manifest the proposed schema is secure, available for real-time media stream authentication and authorization without much effected of QoS. The proposed schema is not only available for Client/Server media service but can be easily extended to P2P and broadcasting network for trusted rights management.     

论海事行政许可裁量权的不当使用及其控制

文中通过对海事行政许可裁量权不当使用的主要表现及其原因的分析,提出了控制海事行政许可裁量权的四点建议,即提高认识、提升立法技术、建立健全内部控制机制以及强化法律知识和道德伦理培训。     

Competitive strategies for original equipment manufacturers considering carbon cap and trade

This paper considers an original equipment manufacturer (OEM) faces competition from an independent remanufacturer (IR) and they both are regulated by carbon cap and trade policy (CTP). We develop models to explore the OEM’s optimal competitive strategy in the face of IR’s competition and environmental regulation. We first investigate the impact of CTP on the OEM and IR. Then, we analyze three competitive strategies that the OEM may choose: remanufacturing, fixed-fee licensing, and royalty licensing. We investigate their optimal decisions under each strategy and identify the conditions under which these strategies can coordinate the OEM and IR. Finally, we explore conditions under which one strategy is superior to another. The results show that the OEM is worse off when competing with the IR under CTP if the carbon cap allocated to the OEM is small. Fixed-fee licensing and royalty licensing can coordinate the OEM and IR not only from an economic perspective but also from an environmental perspective. The OEM’s optimal competitive strategy is determined by thresholds of three critical parameters: the fixed cost of setting up a remanufacturing system, the fixed-fee, and the per-unit royalty. We provide specific guidance on strategy selection for the OEM.