惠州港在珠江三角洲战略定位的思考

珠江三角洲各地港口建设往往只从本地区角度考虑,在一定程度导致各市港口性质相似、功能雷同,并为争夺货源进行恶性竞争。论文分析了惠州港的优势,再用层次分析法对集装箱港口竞争的关键要素进行定性和定量分析,得出珠江三角洲9个港口发展集装箱码头建设的权重。为惠州港的港口资源在珠三角洲港口群中的最优配置提供相关的研究资料。     

创新——企业发展的推动力

介绍了上海外高桥造船有限公司面对严峻的国际造船形势，以创新思路，为其现代化的大型船舶总装厂构筑起独特的企业文化和先进的企业生产管理系统，使企业昂首阔步地参与国际造船业的激烈竞争。     

轨道交通建设与城市道路相结合研究

为有效利用城市土地与空间资源,轨道交通多沿既有或规划城市道路敷设。在项目设计过程中,若未考虑好轨道交通与城市道路的关系,将会引起征地拆迁、道路改造、环境保护等一系列问题,有可能影响项目建设的顺利进行。因此,为提高轨道交通建设质量,从两者的空间关系、线形适应性等方面进行理论分析。结合城市空间规划,从环境适应性、技术可行性与经济合理性等多方面考虑确定合理的空间关系,以技术指标匹配性为参考指标,进行线路走向选择。通过工程实例的对应研究,论证理论分析的合理性及可操作性,可用于指导轨道交通的建设及城市道路的改造。     

超大跨度缆索承重桥梁结构体系

设计和建造跨海连岛大桥是新世纪桥梁工程面临的巨大挑战。超大跨度桥梁并不只是常规概念的外推,需要与之对应的结构体系。从根本上改变缆索承重桥梁的缆索体系,可以突破跨度极限。本文指出了常规结构体系向更大跨度发展的制约因素,从缆索体系的角度介绍了超大跨度斜拉桥、悬索桥以及斜拉 悬索组合桥可能采用的各种体系。这些体系试图在静力、动力方面能远远超出现有限制范围,极大地提高桥梁的跨越能力。同时,新体系的采用也给材料、设计和施工提出了很大的挑战。     

预应力混凝土箱梁桥横向受力分析方法的研究比较

以洋安大桥主桥5跨预应力混凝土变截面连续箱梁桥为背景,对其横向应力分别采用传统的平面框架法和空间有限元法进行分析比较,结果表明大部分关键截面平面框架法得到的横向应力远大于空间有限元法,在实际设计计算中须谨慎使用平面框架法。     

Congestion and pollution consequences of driving-to-school trips: A case study in Beijing

Parents compete for high-quality education for their children by enrolling them in good schools. However, in a Chinese mega-city like Beijing, three factors jointly lead to the spatial separation between schools and homes: the centralized public goods provision mechanism, the historical dependency in school location, and the constrained supply of housing in downtown. Without an adequate number of school buses, this spatial separation of schools and homes triggers the numerous long-distance driving-to-school trips by private vehicle during workday morning rush hours in Beijing. We use the start and end dates of “school holiday” as exogenous repeated shocks to the aggregate traffic congestion, and employ the two-stage least squares (2SLS) regression approach to examine the congestion and pollution consequences of such driving-to-school trips in Beijing. We find that, all else being equal, workdays during school holidays have a traffic congestion index 20% lower than that of non-school-holiday workdays. Such a sharp reduction in congestion leads to a significant decrease in PM₁₀ concentration. Policymakers should lower such “extra” congestion and environmental costs via optimizing the spatial balance between school supply and demand.     

Determination of limiting cavity depths for offshore spudcan foundations in a spatially varying seabed

The importance of accurate prediction of limiting cavity depths during offshore spudcan foundations installation has been variously highlighted in the literature. Nonetheless, most of the previous research is deterministic in nature and confined to homogenous soils. Since offshore clayey soils can be highly spatially variable, there is a practical need to take proper account of the spatial variability in the prediction of limiting cavity depths. In a bid to remedy this situation, large deformation finite element calculations combined with three-dimensional random fields were repeatedly conducted in this study within a Monte-Carlo framework. The continuous penetration of a spudcan initiated from surface was explicitly modeled until a full-localized flow-around mechanism was observed. Spatial variability was found to clearly affect the soil back-flow and thereby the limiting cavity depth, the latter of which takes a range of values that can be approximately modeled as a log-normal distribution. Characteristic limiting cavity depths at various probability levels were ascertained. An algebraic expression was proposed to explicitly predict the characteristic limiting cavity depths in random soils from the fractile. Particular attention was paid to the lower and upper 5% characteristic values, which are likely to be useful for reliability-based design.     

Walking accessibility and property prices

Walking is an imperative travel mode, especially for short trips. Walking accessibility, which is defined as the ease of reaching essential destinations in the walk-in catchment area, may affect property prices because residents are more likely to be willing to pay for this attribute. In addition, different categories of public services may have varied influencing directions and magnitude. These two hypotheses are tested in this study. Taking Xiamen, China as a case study, we estimate the cumulative opportunities of public services on foot and develop a set of hedonic pricing models (more specifically, two pre-specified ordinary least squares models, four Box-Cox transformed models, and two spatial econometric models) to estimate, whether and to what extent, walking accessibility contributes to price premiums (or discounts). Using a database of 22,586 second-hand residential properties in 358 multi- or high-storey residential complexes, we find that (1) walking accessibility to public services contributes to the variations in housing prices and plays a role in determining housing prices; (2) different categories of services have vastly divergent, even opposite, influencing impacts; and (3) walking accessibility to primary schools, commercial centers, and sports and cultural centers have positive effects on house prices whereas walking accessibility to comprehensive hospitals adversely affects housing prices. Methodologically, we confirm that spatial econometric methods improve estimation accuracy and have more explanatory power relative to the standard non-spatial models. Robustness check analysis further guarantees the plausibility of this study.     

The generators of paratransit trips by persons with disabilities

Identifying the generators of paratransit trips by persons with disabilities is important to comprehend the current demand patterns and forecast future demand. Only a handful of studies have been conducted so far to identify the generators of paratransit trips and most focused on the home end of the trips. Given some of the inconsistencies in past studies and the scarcity of studies on the generators of trips away from home, this study attempts to identify the generators of paratransit trips beginning and ending at clients’ homes and away from home. It uses an extremely large dataset consisting of 1.91 million trips made by NJ TRANSIT’s Access Link clients, socioeconomic data from the American Community Survey, employment data from the Longitudinal Employer-Household Dynamics, and establishment data from Dun and Bradstreet. The analytical methods include an ordinary least squares model (OLS) and several spatial generalized linear mixed models (GLMM) to identify the characteristics of census block groups associated with Access Link trip generation at home and away from home, Geographic Information System (GIS) analysis to identify the types of establishments located in the immediate vicinity of drop-offs, and a multinomial logit model (MNL) to examine the relationship between the characteristics of the establishments in the vicinity of drop-offs and the characteristics of the dropped-off clients. Together, the various analyses provide useful insights about paratransit trip generators at the macro and micro levels. Some implications of the findings are discussed.     

考虑动态定价的煤炭调运方案优化研究

煤炭坑口价格的变化与市场供求有重要联系.本文在煤炭坑口价格动态定价的基础上,以煤炭产地和消费地间的煤炭调运量为决策变量,以煤炭流通过程中的总费用最小化为目标,分别构建了煤炭调运系统优化模型和考虑消费者竞争的煤炭调运优化模型,设计了遗传算法和Floyd算法相结合的求解算法.以我国内地煤炭调运问题为案例,分析了价格变化特性、可调出量与消费量比例等因素对煤炭调运方案的影响.结果表明,考虑消费者竞争时煤炭流通广义费用更低;随着煤炭可调出量与消费量比的增加,动态价格较固定价格的煤炭流通广义费用下降更快.