A real-time adaptive signal control in a connected vehicle environment

The state of the practice traffic signal control strategies mainly rely on infrastructure based vehicle detector data as the input for the control logic. The infrastructure based detectors are generally point detectors which cannot directly provide measurement of vehicle location and speed. With the advances in wireless communication technology, vehicles are able to communicate with each other and with the infrastructure in the emerging connected vehicle system. Data collected from connected vehicles provides a much more complete picture of the traffic states near an intersection and can be utilized for signal control. This paper presents a real-time adaptive signal phase allocation algorithm using connected vehicle data. The proposed algorithm optimizes the phase sequence and duration by solving a two-level optimization problem. Two objective functions are considered: minimization of total vehicle delay and minimization of queue length. Due to the low penetration rate of the connected vehicles, an algorithm that estimates the states of unequipped vehicle based on connected vehicle data is developed to construct a complete arrival table for the phase allocation algorithm. A real-world intersection is modeled in VISSIM to validate the algorithms. Results with a variety of connected vehicle market penetration rates and demand levels are compared to well-tuned fully actuated control. In general, the proposed control algorithm outperforms actuated control by reducing total delay by as much as 16.33% in a high penetration rate case and similar delay in a low penetration rate case. Different objective functions result in different behaviors of signal timing. The minimization of total vehicle delay usually generates lower total vehicle delay, while minimization of queue length serves all phases in a more balanced way.     

大型浮式结构物结构碰撞性能分析

碰撞事故是基于事故极限状态设计重点考虑的对象,在设计中越来越受到重视。文章以某大型浮式结构物为研究对象,总结分析ISO、API、HSE、DNV、ABS、BV、LR等标准及规范对碰撞场景的相关规定,提出碰撞分析场景及设计衡准;基于简化分析技术建立碰撞力学模型,利用动态非线性结构分析软件ABAQUS进行仿真分析,通过分析塑性应变、塑性变形、吸能、碰撞力及运动等,校核评估舷侧结构的耐撞性能;分析不同碰撞位置、撞击船型式等对碰撞性能的影响。研究表明:目标大型浮式结构物舷侧结构碰撞事故极限强度满足规范要求,首柱撞击相对比较危险,可作为计算分析控制工况。     

Extensive study on the design loads used for strength assessment of tanker and bulk carrier structures

ClassNK has undertaken wide-ranging basic research covering many aspects related to the safety of ship structures, including design loads, structural analysis, strength assessment of buckling, collapse, and fatigue, and rational corrosion margins to develop new design standards which have transparency and consistency. Among the wide-ranging basic research, this article summarizes the results of extensive work on the design loads used for strength assessments of tanker and bulk carrier structures. The main aim of the research was to develop practical estimation methods of design loads with rational technical backgrounds relating to the actual loads acting on the primary structural members of tankers and bulk carriers. During this study, we proposed the following methodology. Design sea states that closely resemble the actual sea states which are considered to be the most severe for hull structures. Find practical estimation methods for the design sea states by parametric studies using the results of series calculations on representative tankers and bulk carriers. Find practical estimation methods for design regular waves which will result in the same level of stresses as those induced in irregular waves under the design sea states. We also briefly introduced some practical estimation methods for the design loads, such as ship motions, accelerations, hull-girder bending moments, and hydrodynamic pressures that are induced under design regular waves. The findings in this study have been summarized and implemented in the new design standards for tanker and bulk carrier structures.Updated from the Japanese original which won the 2003 SNAJ prize (J Soc Nav Archit Jpn 2002; 191:195–207; 2002; 191:208–220; and 2002; 192:723–733)     

Multiaxial stress creep rupture mechanisms of AZ31 magnesium alloy

The maximum principal stresses, von Mises effective stresses and principal facet stresses at the time of creep rupture were compared in uniaxial, biaxial, and triaxial stress states for AZ31 magnesium alloy. The creep rupture of this alloy was experimentally controlled by cavitation, which was the result of a low damage tolerance, λ. Creep deformation could be correlated with the von Mises effective stress parameter. The failure-mechanism control parameter governing the stress state coincided with the experimental results of the rupture of the materials under multiaxial stress states. Finally, the theoretical prediction based on constrained cavity growth and continuous nucleation agreed with the experimental rupture data to within a factor of three.     

基于优化SVM的城市快速路网交通流状态判别

以交通流率、速度和占有率为输入参数,采用交叉验证法优化模型惩罚参数C和核函数参数γ,建立以径向基为核函数的支持向量机模型,判断道路断面交通流状态;结合设计的道路网综合状态指数,依据自由流、拥挤流和阻塞流状态下占有率划分区间,构建城市快速路网交通流状态判别方法;最后以某一区域路网为例,进行了实证性研究．结果表明：该方法对道路断面交通流状态判别精度可达92．22％;同时能够实现道路网范围内对自由流、拥挤流和阻塞流状态的判别,判别精度可达86．67％．     

1种基于浮动车数据的多车车速融合算法

在浮动车处理技术中,多浮动车样本车速的融合是整个计算的最后1个环节,算法的好坏直接影响到动态交通信息的准确性。从多权重系数和多种路况状态的角度构建了1种新的基于浮动车数据的多车车速融合算法,该算法从浮动车行驶特征等角度,综合考量在表征实时路况时浮动车多车样本间的共性与个性差异去融合多车车速,提高了实时路况的准确性,并且可根据实际交通环境快速调整相关参数。最后通过实证分析对其准确性进行了评估验证,结果表明能有效提高动态交通信息的准确性,具有良好的实用性。     

非线性混合海况下近海风机塔筒底部载荷的动力响应

本文主要研究在非线性混合海况(即风浪和涌浪组合海况)下,以NREL 5MW_Baseline Monopile近海风机为研究对象,对其塔筒底部(基线)所受到的剪力和弯矩载荷的动力响应进行仿真。在近海风机的时域仿真中,选用了Ochi-Hubble六参数波浪谱,并编制了该谱的程序嵌入到FAST中进行编译。计算过程中,共进行了20次10 min的仿真分析。对于得到的短期载荷,给出了波高程,塔筒底部首尾向剪力和弯矩在线性与非线性不规则波作用下的时程曲线对比图。采用分块最大值法对每一次的短期载荷提取极值,并基于20次仿真所得的极值,给出了塔筒底部首尾向剪力与弯矩在线性与非线性不规则波作用下的超越概率曲线对比图。研究表明,在非线性混合海况下进行近海风机塔筒底部载荷的动力响应研究,计算结果对工程实际应用具有指导意义。     

道路网络服务水平可靠性研究

以可靠性理论为基础,从出行者个体和网络管理者的角度提出了服务水平可靠性的概念,拓展了现有的路网可靠性评价指标.根据交通供给的随机性分析,将路段容量简化为离散随机变量,运用路网最可能状态生成算法,建立了路段及路网服务水平可靠性计算的近似算法,并在一简单网络上进行了计算分析.     

液压铆钉机及其动态仿真分析

应用功率键合国理论，对液压铆钉机进行了计算机动态数字仿真，使得在设计阶段即可根据模拟物理模型，预测其动态性能。这种方法可推广到任何一个需要重新设计的非标准设备，从而大大提高设计效率并保证设计质量。     

血液在低压差下作管形定常层流流动其表观粘度与红细胞可逆性聚集的关系

目的　探讨血瘀症的流变学机理。方法　自制流变仪 ,在压差、管径、流态等方面接近人体静脉血流的仿生条件下 ,观察红细胞可逆性聚集与低压差粘度的关系。并与旋转式粘度计测量的结果相比较。结果　在管形定常层流流动中 ,当 τW<7.67× 1 0 -5N/cm2时 ,无论是红细胞本身硬化 ,还是血浆中缺乏使红细胞发生生理性聚集的有效成分 ,只要红细胞丧失了正常的聚集功能 ,低压差粘度均明显高于正常。此与旋转式粘度计测量的低切粘度相反。说明低压差粘度与低切粘度之间无正相关性。结论　流态不同 (片形、管形 ) ,血液的流变特性不同。在管形定常层流流动中 ,红细胞丧失了正常的聚集功能是低压差粘度增高的主要原因。它使静脉血回流阻力增大 ,微循环流出不畅 ,进而造成血液淤滞