合资铁路重组背景下省级铁路平台可持续发展对策

在铁路行业高度垄断,铁路运营普遍效益欠佳和地方政府财力有限的现实环境下,特别是国铁集团近年来大力推行“一省一公司”合资铁路重组整合的改革,对省级铁路平台的发展带来了新的巨大的问题挑战,本文结合当前在全国大力推行的合资铁路重组改革的背景,分析了省级铁路平台在改革中将面临的重大问题,包括既有投融资能力难以支撑大规模规划项目建设、已建铁路运营大规模亏损、铁路行业建设运营高度垄断严重以及铁路土地综合开发进展迟缓等一系列问题,并针对以上问题提出相关的对策建议。     

组团型大城市绕城高速公路互通立交一体化布局模型

为合理规划布置大城市绕城高速公路互通式立交工程,做到既能够提升出入境交通的可达性和便利性,又不影响过境交通及城市内部交通系统的运行效率,在对绕城高速公路出入境交通组织特性分析的基础上,提出了以系统运行时间和出入境交通可达性二者组合效应最好为目标的绕城高速公路互通式立交一体化布局模型,并提出了模型求解的实用方法。最后,以某城市规划年绕城高速公路互通式立交布局规划为应用案例,阐述了模型应用的具体步骤。研究结果表明,本文提出的绕城高速公路互通式立交一体化布局模型,不仅考虑了绕城高速公路互通式立交布局规划的实际影响因素,也便于实际应用。     

对铁路保价运输可持续发展对策的探讨

铁路保价运输是运输售后服务的重要内容,对保障货主权益、展示铁路形象具有重要意义。介绍铁路保价运输的重要作用,分析了上海铁路局保价运输在营销理念、营销手段、人员素质和激励政策等方面面临的形势,提出了拓展保价运输市场、改善保价理赔、强化激励机制等促进保价可持续发展的对策。     

江苏省沿江城市群城际轨道交通线网规划方案研究

城际轨道交通的规划建设是城市群发展的必然要求,江苏沿江城市群是我国城市化进程过程中重点发展的区域。根据沿江地区城市群的特征,把沿江地区城际轨道交通线网分为主骨架城际网和都市圈城际网两个层次进行规划,重点研究沿江地区都市圈内部中心城市之间以及中心城市与中小城市之间的城际轨道交通通勤线网。     

基于可持续发展的城市客运交通方式分担率预测模型研究

可持续发展是人类21世纪的主题,因此在交通方式分担率预测时不仅要考虑需求,更要考虑社会经济、资源及环境。文章即基于这一思想提出了可持续发展的客运交通方式分担率宏观优化模型,在宏观控制的基础上,充分考虑影响城市客运交通结构的各因素,建立了基于距离曲线的城市客运交通方式分担率预测模型,并通过实例进行了分析验证。     

Nonlinear pricing in linear cities with elastic demands

Nonlinear road pricing charges each traveler based on his/her trip’s corresponding particular attribute level. In order to help authorities in designing road pricing systems at a strategic level, this paper attempts to address two fundamental questions: (i) what is the value of pricing’s nonlinearity for mitigating traffic congestion? (ii) if a nonlinear toll function is implemented, should it be convex, concave or other shape? Specifically, we consider distance-based pricing in linear cities. For linear monocentric cities with heterogeneous travelers, we show that the system optimal distance-based pricing indeed exhibits nonlinearity. It is proved that: (i) the cost-based system optimal toll function is monotonically increasing and concave with respect to the traveled distance; (ii) the time-based system optimal toll function always exists and is unique. If the initial proportion of each traveler group is invariant along a corridor and the demand function is of exponential type, then the time-based system optimal toll function enables the travelers, living further away from a city center, to face a lower toll level per unit distance. For a linear polycentric city, we demonstrate: (i) there always exists the system optimal differentiated (in terms of city centers) toll functions; (ii) it is highly possible that the system optimal non-differentiated toll function does not exist. Hence, we further propose an optimal toll design model, prove the Lipschitz continuity of its objective and adopt a global-optimization algorithm to solve it.     

Evaluating sustainability of supply chains by two-stage range directional measure in the presence of negative data

Assessing sustainability of supply chains is a critical and increasingly complex problem. In recent years sustainability has received more attention in supply chain management (SCM) literature with triple bottom lines including social, environmental, and economic factors. Conventional data envelopment analysis (DEA) models consider decision making units (DMUs) as black boxes that consume a set of inputs to produce a set of outputs and do not take into consideration internal interactions of DMUs. Two-stage DEA models deal with such DMUs. However, existing two-stage DEA models are applicable only in technologies characterized by positive inputs/outputs. This paper aims to build and present a new two-stage DEA model considering negative input-intermediate-output data. Some numerical examples along with some theorems and properties are given to show capability of proposed method. The proposed ideas are used in a case study where 29 Iranian supply chains producing equipment of expendable medical devices are evaluated in terms of sustainability.     

A multi-objective optimization model for sustainable logistics facility location

This paper offers an exploratory study of sustainable facility location. The methodology, based on the classical uncapacitated facility location problem, provides decision makers with a multi-objective optimization model to determine the trade-off among economic, service and environmental considerations. Our results indicate that it may be desirable to open more facilities than optimal from a narrow economic perspective to reduce the carbon dioxide emissions of transport and to improve service reliability.     

利用地下空间助力发展绿色建筑与绿色城市

当今世界,绿色发展已经成为一个重要趋势,绿色发展理念更是指导我国“十三五”规划的重要理念之一。建设城市地下空间是转变城市发展方式、治理“城市病”并建设绿色城市的主要着力点。首先,说明绿色建筑与绿色城市的概念,以及二者的关系。重点从节约土地、利用地热能、节水、绿色城市基础设施（包括绿色客运城市交通和城际交通,未来城市货运交通,绿色城市污水、雨洪蓄排系统,绿色城市垃圾集运和处理系统,智慧地下综合管廊,城市智慧行车系统）等方面,并结合国内外典型案例分析说明利用地下空间发展绿色建筑和绿色城市的理念、方法、构想。最后,结合实例强调地下空间开发规划的重要性、规划科学的重要性、开发与规划中的问题及规划的具体要求。     

带型城市空间形态界定及其干线道路特征

特殊的空间形态、稀缺的贯通性轴向道路资源以及高度混合的内外交通导致带型城市面临独特的交通问题。从城市空间形态角度出发,采用聚类分析法分析中国657个设市城市,据此界定带型城市为建成区长宽比大于3的城市。并对带型城市(组团)的交通需求、路网布局、道路级配进行梳理,发现带型城市贯穿性长轴干线道路的数量、等级、分布对带型城市规模、形态以及交通组织具有重要作用,是带型城市路网规划的核心。最后,提出带型城市常用的三轴干线路网布局模式及相应的道路等级,可作为带型城市路网规划的参考依据。