贯彻新的理念实现科学发展又快又好地完成大规模铁路建设任务

坚持以科学发展观统领铁路工作全局,最重要的任务就是要又快又好地推进大规模铁路建设。铁道部党组提出的“以人为本、服务运输、强本简末、系统优化、着眼发展”的新理念,是又快又好地完成大规模铁路建设任务的重要指导思想。要调整铁路局建设管理体制,完善客运专线建设管理,发挥建设单位核心作用,加强管理干部队伍能力建设,为又快又好完成大规模铁路建设提供保证。     

任务型教学法在高职英语教学中的应用

任务型教学法是以学生为中心,以应用为目的的英语教学新途径之一。它强调学生要能用所学的英语做事情,在做事过程中发展语言运用能力。文章对任务型教学的任务设计、实施任务的过程进行了简要阐述,并以高职英语阅读课型为例,探讨了任务型教学法在高职英语教学中的运用。     

Detailed analysis of distraction induced by in-vehicle verbal interactions on visual search performance

We examined the negative effect of in-vehicle verbal interaction on visual search performance. Twenty participants performed a primary visual search task and a secondary verbal interaction task concurrently. We found that visual search performance deteriorated when the secondary task involving memory retrieval and speech production was performed concurrently. Moreover, a detailed analysis of the reaction time as a function of set size revealed that the increased reaction time was attributed not to the slowing of inspecting each item but to the increased processing time other than the inspection of each visual item, possibly due to task switching between the primary visual search task and the secondary verbal task. These findings have implications for providing information from in-vehicle information devices while reducing the risk of driver distraction.     

煤炭集运站到发线能力计算方法探析

以某纵列式集运站为例,在分析其作业流程基础上,采用作业时分法、甘特图法、全日作业图法等方法对煤炭集运站到发线能力进行计算。研究结果表明,作业时分法是一种较为粗放式的计算方法,建议用于规划阶段及方案研究阶段车站到发线规模的核定;甘特图法和全日作业图法,能力计算结果更为真实可靠,在进入初步设计阶段(实质性工程设计阶段),应采用甘特图法和全日作业图法确定车站到发线规模。     

强化机遇意识实现良好开局全面开创铁路计划工作的新局面

推进铁路跨越式发展,做好“十一五”规划的落实工作和2006年计划工作,要进一步提高对加快铁路发展的认识,增强加快铁路发展的机遇意识,继续发扬苦干实干拼命干精神,铁道部发展计划司、设计单位和建设单位要明确职责、加强协调,进一步加强资金管理,优化设计方案、降低成本,提高资金使用效益,并充分调动地方政府、合资公司等各方积极性,全面开创铁路计划工作新局面。     

自动检票系统设计及其实现

概述国内外自动检票系统的发展现状,提出按地区中心计算机系统—车站计算机系统—自动检票机三层体系结构构建中国铁路的自动检票系统,论述各子系统的功能划分和软件模块的构成与设计。提出:采用纸质磁卡票作为单程票,非接触IC卡票作为储值票;采用对称和非对称加密方法实现设备间的身份认证和通信数据的加密,以保证自动检票机与车站服务器之间通信的安全;采用嵌入式实时操作系统来保证自动检票机的实时性和可靠性;采用基于优先级的抢占式任务调度方式处理自动检票机软件各任务间的关系,检票交易数据的处理时机与数据量因子和时间间隔因子相关。     

基于MS-Project的规范化焊装项目管理

针对目前焊装规划项目管理存在的任务涉及面广、参与人员多、周期长、投资大等问题,基于项目管理理论和项目管理软件MS-Project,结合某企业焊装规划的实际项目经验,建立了标准化全流程焊装项目管理系统。该焊装规划项目管理系统避免了传统师徒制经验式的项目管理方式存在的不足,提升了企业的焊装自主规划能力,满足了科学化的焊装规划发展要求。     

A study on time constraints and task deviations at sea leading to accidents – a cultural-historical perspective

The high frequency of maritime accidents and incidents occurring at sea has been a major challenge for the maritime industry in the last decades. The majority of these accidents are attributed to seafarers’ poor performance. This, despite the fact that the international maritime domain continues to adopt and update conventions regulating maritime safety to mitigate these accidents from occurring. In this paper, utilising a qualitative research approach, we show through a socio-cultural contextual perspective that time constraints as a major influencing factor in causing task deviations at sea which leads to dangerous situations. We analyse how some of the present barriers in place to prevent accidents at sea are in effect prompt seafarers who are working under time pressure to deviate from their task. Moreover, the paper discusses the social constituents such as job insecurity and the seafarers’ viewpoint towards the ship operators’ commitment to safe ship operations are crucial in motivating seafarers’ deviating from the task at hand when faced with time pressure.     

Energy-Efficient Deterministic Fault-Tolerant Scheduling for Embedded Real-Time Systems

By combining fault-tolerance with power management, this paper developed a new method for aperiodic task set for the problem of task scheduling and voltage allocation in embedded real-time systems. The schedulability of the system was analyzed through checkpointing and the energy saving was considered via dynamic voltage and frequency scaling. Simulation results showed that the proposed algorithm had better performance compared with the existing voltage allocation techniques. The proposed technique saves 51.5% energy over FT-Only and 19.9% over FT+EC on average. Therefore, the proposed method was more appropriate for aperiodic tasks in embedded real-time systems.     

Weekly rhythms in task and time allocation of households

Analysis of household activity scheduling has to date been limited to one-day periods. This paper extends the study of household task allocation to a one-week period. Using a one-week time use survey held under couples in The Netherlands in 2003, the paper proposes indicators for measuring task allocation on a daily and weekly scale and investigates to what extent role expectations, work status and indicators of time pressure influence task allocation patterns. The outcomes suggest that egalitarian role expectations and higher female work status lead to a more balanced allocation of work and households tasks between spouses. More traditional role views and increased time pressure lead to more specialisation and inequality between spouses. Interestingly, households under time pressure apply day-to-day specialisation to arrive at balanced weekly allocation totals.