客运专线双线隧道穿过软弱夹层力学效应研究

以贵广客专太阳庄隧道为背景,研究隧道穿越软弱夹层施工过程中围岩变形特性、塑性区及支护结构纵向、横向力学响应。洞周变形以竖向为主,软弱夹层洞周变形量远大于规范要求,应进行掌子面预加固,范围为前方10 m。支护结构沿纵向不均匀变形,拱顶纵向承受压应力,应加强地层变化处拱顶设计参数。支护仰拱沿纵向整体呈现拉应力,软弱夹层段沿纵向最大拉应力超过混凝土极限抗拉强度,且墙脚安全系数不满足规范要求,因此必须加强纵向、横向配筋率,对墙脚进行特殊处理。可预留充分的变形富裕值,实行"边让边抗",充分发挥围岩自承载能力,一次支护屈服后,再施作二次支护。研究成果对贵广客专太阳庄双线隧道施工具有重要指导意义,可为今后类似工程提供参考和借鉴。     

A macroscopic theory of two-lane rural roads

A macroscopic theory for predicting the operation on two-lane, two-way roads is proposed. In this theory, the interaction between fast and slow vehicles obeys Newell’s kinematic wave theory of moving bottlenecks. Calibration is not required as all parameters are fully observable. Closed-form expressions for the capacity, average speed, percent time spent following and overtaking rates are proposed and the biases of current practice are identified. Comparisons between the proposed theory and empirical data are also included.     

Modeling drivers' passing duration and distance in a virtual environment

In many countries two-lane rural highways constitute a large proportion of the road network. One of the most fatal crash types is head-on collisions. Some of these head-on collisions are caused by failed passing maneuvers, when a driver does not succeed to complete the pass safely.     

Impact of horizontal geometric design of two-lane rural roads on vehicle co2 emissions

In 2014, highway vehicles accounted for 72.8% of all Greenhouse Gases emissions from transportation in Europe. In the United States (US), emissions follow a similar trend. Although many initiatives try to mitigate emissions by focusing on traffic operations, little is known about the relationship between emissions and road design. It is feasible that some designs may increase average flow speed and reduce accelerations, consequently minimizing emissions.This study aims to evaluate the impact of road horizontal alignment on CO₂ emissions produced by passenger cars using a new methodology based on naturalistic data collection. Individual continuous speed profiles were collected from actual drivers along eleven two-lane rural road sections that were divided into 29 homogeneous road segments. The CO₂ emission rate for each homogeneous road segment was estimated as the average of CO₂ emission rates of all vehicles driving, estimated by applying the VT-Micro model.The analysis concluded that CO₂ emission rates increase with the Curvature Change Rate. Smooth road segments normally allowed drivers to reach higher speeds and maintain them with fewer accelerations. Additionally, smother segments required less time to cover the same distance, so emissions per length were lower. It was also observed that low mean speeds produce high CO₂ emission rates and they increase even more on roads with high speed dispersions.Based on this data, several regression models were calibrated for different vehicle types to estimate CO₂ emissions on a specific road segment. These results could be used to incorporate sustainability principles to highway geometric design.     

A new,non-canonical Poisson regression model for the prediction of crashes on low-volume rural roads

The purpose of the study was to compare the prediction power of a simplified non-canonical Poisson crash-prediction model to other model types. The model, fitted to serious and fatal crash data from 86 two-lane low-volume rural highway segments, showed a good fit, which was not significantly different from that of a negative binomial model. The application of the present model uses the linear form of the non-canonical Poisson model. Hence the simplification of the model versus other models results from the finding that the expected number of crashes per 1 km is directly proportional to the daily volume, unlike logarithmic functions in other models. In the non-canonical model, it is necessary to estimate only one parameter, whereas estimations of more parameters are needed in the negative binomial model.     

双车道公路车速标准差与交通冲突相关性研究

为了确定双车道公路车速标准差和交通冲突强度之间的相关性,分析了车速标准差、交通冲突强度与交通事故率之间的关系,理论上建立了车速标准差与交通冲突强度之间的内在联系。通过省道203现场实测数据分析表明双车道公路车速标准差与交通冲突次数之间存在显著的相关关系,多种回归模型分析结果认为多项式回归模型相关系数最高,达到了0.79,研究结果表明双车道公路车速标准差与交通冲突强度存在强相关性。     

Estimating percent-time-spent-following on two-lane rural highways

This study concentrated on estimating the percent-time-spent-following (PTSF) on two-lane highways. This measure is a key estimate of level-of-service in traffic engineering applications. Its evaluation to date has been based on simulations that yielded over-estimated values. The present study shows how to estimate this variable from easily obtained field data based on queuing theory. The estimates accord with opinions on yielding significantly lower values of PTSF that are expressed in the relevant traffic literature. An improved relationship between PTSF and two-way flow is provided by fitting the new estimates by means of the least-squares method.