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1.
在城市轨道交通线路开通过程中,如存在受外界条件影响而不能按期开通的地铁车站,需采用甩站的方式进行开通。秉承对原设计方案变更最小化原则,对信号系统的各个子系统实施方案进行研究,以达到满足甩站运营的实际开通需求。 相似文献
2.
刘强 《铁路工程造价管理》2020,(1):40-44
城市轨道交通工程具有投资规模大,建设时间紧,专业涉及面广,工程技术复杂等特点。总结深圳市已建城市轨道交通工程的技术经济指标,针对盾构区间隧道工程,研究轨道交通工程建设标准和造价指标体系,为合理确定本地区城市轨道交通工程建设和造价标准提供科学依据。通过确定盾构区间各项主要指标,为政府投资决策提供技术支撑,以期对轨道交通高质、高效发展起到一定推动作用。 相似文献
3.
Ing-Marie Gren Andreas Brutemark Annika K. Jägerbrand Jennie Barthel Svedén 《运输评论》2020,40(4):411-428
ABSTRACTThis study estimated the external cost of air pollution from shipping by means of a meta-regression analysis, which has not been made before. Three pollutants, which were included in most of the primary studies, were considered: nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulphur dioxides (SO2) and particulate matters with a diameter of max 2.5 micrometres (PM2.5). All primary studies included damages of health and a majority added impacts on agriculture and estimated the cost of air pollutants by transferring cost estimates from studies on costs of air emissions from transports in Europe. Different regression models and estimators were used and robust results were found of statistically significant emission elasticities of below one, i.e. total external costs increase by less than 1% when emissions increase by 1%. There was a small variation between the pollutants, with the highest elasticity for PM2.5 and lowest for NOx. Calculations of the marginal external cost of the pollutants showed the same pattern, with this cost being approximately six times higher for PM2.5 than for the other pollutants. Common to all pollutants was that the marginal external cost decreases when emission increases. Another robust result was a significant increase in the cost of studies published in journals compared with other publication outlets. These findings point out some caution when transferring constant external unit cost of air pollutant from shipping, which is much applied in the literature, and the cost functions estimated in this study could thus provide a complementary transfer mechanism. 相似文献
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Deer-vehicle collisions are a major transportation hazard, but factors affecting deer escape decision-making in response to vehicle approach remain poorly characterized. We made opportunistic observations of deer response to vehicle approach during daylight hours on a restricted-access facility in Ohio, USA (vehicle speeds were ≤64 km/h). We hypothesized that animal proximity to the road, group size, vehicle approach, and ambient conditions would affect perceived risk by white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) to vehicle approach, as measured by flight-initiation distance (FID). We constructed a priori models for FID, as well as road-crossing behavior. Deer responses were variable and did not demonstrate spatial or temporal margins of safety. Road-crossing behavior was slightly and positively influenced by group size during winter. Deer showed greater FIDs and likelihood of crossing when approached in the road; directionality of approach likely increased the perceived risk. These findings are consistent with antipredator theory relative to predator approach direction. 相似文献
6.
杨良华 《交通部上海船舶运输科学研究所学报》1993,16(2):56-67
通过关于大气污染与气象条件、污染气象要素的测量手段和方法的介绍,以及对区域大气边界层扩散参数、大气扩散数学模式选择等计算方法的分析后,进一步阐明污染物在大气输送、扩散、迁移的稀释过程中,与气候、气象条件有着密切关系,应在大气环境影响评价和预测分析中予以重视。 相似文献
7.
文章以IMO大气污染通信工作组在2006年底召开的工作会议为背景,介绍了针对船用柴油发动机和燃料控制排放标准的讨论情况。 相似文献
8.
船舶舱底水对海洋环境的污染、船舶油水分离器的工作效果直接关系到是否满足MARPOL73/78公约的要求。通过对营运船舶油水分离器的检验方法,保证船舶油水分离器的工作效果。 相似文献
9.
俞兴东 《重庆交通学院学报》2006,25(6):150-154
通过对三峡库区水污染严重性的综述,说明水资源总量控制的重要性和综合防治水污染的紧迫性.对人们自觉的改变用水习惯,增强节水减污意识,保护自然资源,优化生态环境,建设节约型社会,循环经济的实施,保持国民经济的可持续发展有着重要的现实意义.此外,笔者还提出了改善库区水污染的若干建议和具体措施. 相似文献
10.
Hilary Nixon Jean-Daniel Saphores 《Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment》2007,12(8):564-576
This paper investigates the costs of controlling some of the environmental impacts of motor vehicle transportation on groundwater and on surface waters. We estimate that annualized costs of cleaning-up leaking underground storage tanks range from $0.8 billion to $2.1 billion per year over 10 years. Annualized costs of controlling highway runoff from principal arterials in the US are much larger: they range from $2.9 billion to $15.6 billion per year over 20 years (1.6–8.3% of annualized highway transportation expenditures). Some causes of non-point source pollution were unintentionally created by regulations or could be addressed by simple design changes of motor vehicles. A review of applicable measures suggests that effective policies should combine economic incentives, information campaigns, and enforcement, coupled with preventive environmental measures. In general, preventing water pollution from motor vehicles would be much cheaper than cleaning it up. 相似文献