800m^3开体式耙吸挖泥船

开体式耙吸挖泥船是一种新型工程船。本文主要介绍我国第一艘延寿地设计研制的８００ｍ＾３开体式耙吸挖泥船的设计思想和总体结构。     

大通道公路项目综合运输分析与应用

随着经济和交通运输的发展,运输结构和路网结构已经或正在发生巨大的变化,使公路建设项目前期工作交通分析变得越来越复杂。结合具体项目提出了大通道公路项目宜采用综合运输分析方法,应用于具体项目将会使交通分析与预测更加准确和合理,对今后类似的大通道项目起到一定的指导作用。     

工业工程与现场综合改善

对生产现场存在的“三厶”现象以及东汽推行一个流的现状及其存在的问题进行了剖析。说明了现场综合改善的重要性、紧迫性与艰巨性。论证了一个流必须以工业工程特别是工作研究为基础。工业工程是现场综合改善的金钥匙。     

Theory of safety surrogates using vehicle trajectories in macroscopic and microscopic settings: Application to dynamic message signs controlled traffic at work zones

This paper presents a new mathematical framework for obtaining quantitative safety measure using macroscopic as well as microscopic traffic data. The safety surrogate obtained from the macroscopic data is in terms of analysis performed on vehicle trajectories obtained from the macroscopic data. This method of obtaining safety measure can be used for many different types of applications. The safety surrogate for the traffic dynamics are developed in terms of a new concept of Negative Speed Differentials (NSD) that involve a convolution of vehicle speed function obtained from vehicle trajectories and then performing the integration of the square of the output for its negative values. The framework is applicable to microscopic traffic dynamics as well where we can use car following models for microscopic dynamics or the LWR model for macroscopic dynamics. This paper then presents the use of this new safety surrogate on the development of a feedback control law for controlling traffic in work zones using Dynamic Message Signs. A hybrid dynamics model is used to represent the switching dynamics due to changing DMS messages. A feedback control design for choosing those messages is presented as well as a simple simulation example to show its application.     

Does transport help people to gain employment? A systematic review and meta-analysis of the empirical evidence

ABSTRACT

The role of transport in providing access to employment has received considerable attention. Since transport policies may be motivated by assumed effects on employment probability outcomes, it is important to establish the nature of the relationship between transport and employment outcomes. While the majority of the empirical evidence suggests a positive association, it is not conclusive or consistent and often shows mixed results. To address this confusion, our study has systematically reviewed this evidence base and synthesised it through meta-analysis. We first identified 93 studies that quantitatively assessed the impact of transport on employment outcomes. By systematically merging the empirical evidence, this study establishes a positive association between transport and employment outcomes, with varying effects for four identified categories of transport measures (or combinations thereof): car ownership, public transport access, commute times, and job accessibility levels. This positive association persists in studies that control for endogeneity between transport and employment, but a larger evidence base is needed to establish a more robust relationship, in particular for cities and smaller (rural) areas outside the US-context and with regard to public transport. We then selected 20 methodologically comparable studies for inclusion in the meta-analysis. Our meta-regression models clearly demonstrate that car ownership significantly increases individual employment probabilities, in particular among welfare recipients. Young drivers benefit from access to household cars when these are not in use by their parents, and they are more sensitive to the time and cost implications of longer commutes. While our systematic review suggests that better access to public transport and higher levels of job accessibility increases employment probabilities, meta-regression analysis requires more consistent transport measures. The findings in this study are important for policymakers in that they imply that job seekers may benefit from public policies targeted at improving their access to public transport, in particular for people without access to cars and in areas with fewer job opportunities.     

Commuting and wellbeing: a critical overview of the literature with implications for policy and future research

ABSTRACT

This review provides a critical overview of what has been learnt about commuting’s impact on subjective wellbeing (SWB). It is structured around a conceptual model which assumes commuting can affect SWB over three time horizons: (i) during the journey; (ii) immediately after the journey; and (iii) over the longer term. Our assessment of the evidence shows that mood is lower during the commute than other daily activities and stress can be induced by congestion, crowding and unpredictability. People who walk or cycle to work are generally more satisfied with their commute than those who travel by car and especially those who use public transport. Satisfaction decreases with duration of commute, regardless of mode used, and increases when travelling with company. After the journey, evidence shows that the commute experience “spills over” into how people feel and perform at work and home. However, a consistent link between commuting and life satisfaction overall has not been established. The evidence suggests that commuters are generally successful in trading off the drawbacks of longer and more arduous commute journeys against the benefits they bring in relation to overall life satisfaction, but further research is required to understand the decision making involved. The evidence review points to six areas that warrant policy action and research: (i) enhancing the commute experience; (ii) increasing commute satisfaction; (iii) reducing the impacts of long duration commutes; (iv) meeting commuter preferences; (v) recognising flexibility and constraints in commuting routines and (vi) accounting for SWB impacts of commuting in policy making and appraisal.     

远程视频监控系统在南宁大桥缆索吊装中的运用

随着科技高速发展,远程视频监控系统用于建筑施工现场管理的技术越来越成熟,管理人员只需在可以接入互联网的地方,通过台式计算机、笔记本电脑、PDA等设备,就可以随时随地访问获取建筑工地施工现场的视频图像,并实现远程视频监控。文章介绍了远程视频监控系统在南宁大桥缆索吊装施工中的应用情况。     

Morning commute in a single-entry traffic corridor with no late arrivals

This paper analyzes a model of early morning traffic congestion, that is a special case of the model considered in Newell (1988). A fixed number of identical vehicles travel along a single-lane road of constant width from a common origin to a common destination, with LWR flow congestion and Greenshields’ Relation. Vehicles have a common work start time, late arrivals are not permitted, and trip cost is linear in travel time and time early. The paper explores traffic dynamics for the social optimum, in which total trip cost is minimized, and for the user optimum, in which no vehicle’s trip cost can be reduced by altering its departure time. Closed-form solutions for the social optimum and quasi-analytic solutions for the user optimum are presented, along with numerical examples, and it is shown that this model includes the bottleneck model (with no late arrivals) as a limit case where the length of the road shrinks to zero.     

城市轨道交通前期规划和设计工作内容的研究

在收集国务院、各相关部委、中国城市轨道交通协会等部门对城市轨道交通建设管理的最新法律、法规以及规章制度的基础上,详细介绍城市轨道交通申报的基本条件,总结并且提炼出城市轨道交通前期规划与设计工作的内容及审批程序。城市轨道交通作为城市重大的交通基础设施建设项目,前期规划工作内容主要包括城市轨道交通线网规划、建设规划和工程可行性研究。城市轨道交通项目经过审批立项进入设计阶段后,其内容包括工程项目总体设计、初步设计和施工图设计。通过对城市轨道交通前期规划和设计工作内容进行深入研究,可以为即将启动城市轨道交通项目的城市作为参考,并且能够有效促进城市轨道交通项目工作规范有序合理开展。     

新形势下路桥企业青年员工思想存在的问题及对策

文章针在当前路桥企业青年员工思想状况以及存在的问题,提出做好青年员工思想政治工作的看法和对策,为新形势下企业如何做好青年员工思想政治工作,提供参考。