宁高及宁溧城际铁路运输组织方案研究

根据江苏省沿江城市群城际轨道交通网规划,在深入分析各线客流特征的基础上,结合各线工程条件、技术标准提出了各线独立运营、全部贯通或部分贯通运营等4个方案,并从运能余量、服务水平、客流直达性、运营管理、工程投资等方面对各方案进行了综合比选。     

重载铁路四线高墩大跨连续刚构设计研究

兴保铁路安家山河大桥为重载铁路四线桥,为跨越安家山河而设,主桥采用(80+130+80) m连续刚构,桥高达94 m。该桥面临多线、高墩、大跨等复杂问题,需对结构尺寸优化、主墩墩型比选、墩梁结合部位、中跨合龙顶力、施工阶段安全稳定性等方面开展研究。通过分析得出结论,中支点梁高采用9.2 m,跨中梁高采用4.8 m,梁部的刚度及强度均满足规范要求,整体指标较好;主墩采用空心墩与双薄壁墩组合,在保证足够刚度的前提下,有效降低刚度差;墩梁结合部位采用固结方式,节省大吨位支座及后期维修养护。经局部分析,梁体应力状态较合理;中跨合龙顶推力采用4 000 kN,改善了后期桥墩的受力及线形;主墩在梁体最大悬臂施工状态下安全性较好。     

Establishment of Community Managed Fisheries’ Closures in Kenya: Early Evolution of the Tengefu Movement

Community-based management (CBM) could be an essential tool to prevent the depletion of marine resources in the Western Indian Ocean region. In Kenya, political pressure to strengthen local governance, has led to adoption of CBM as a way of reducing over-exploitation and managing the competing uses and impacts on the marine environment. Several communities in Kenya have embraced CBM and have set aside or closed previously fished areas to enhance recovery of fisheries and biodiversity. These community fisheries closures (locally called tengefu), despite being degraded, may recover to finfish abundances and biodiversity levels similar to established MPAs or above thresholds for maintaining some ecological services. Communities see their direct involvement and control of these tengefu as more likely to result in benefits flowing directly to them. Community closures are also important for articulating and resolving community values and strengthening their management capacity. Here, we describe the evolution of the tengefu movement in Kenya and combine information from focus group discussions, interviews, underwater surveys and boundary marking to evaluate the current status, opportunities and challenges facing these tengefu. We show that in some cases community closures suffer from slow and incomplete national and local legislative processes, challenges to compliance, and weak management.     

互通立交平面线形设计的经验探讨

通过设计工作的实践,探讨互通立交平面线形设计的具体步骤、操作方法和注意事项,并对匝道线元参数的取值、线元参数与运行速度的关系、线形设计的连续性与协调性等方面提出了一些见解。     

《汽车电子稳定系统》信息化教学设计

文章以高职汽车类专业平台课程《汽车构造》课程中的工作任务--《汽车电子稳定系统》教学设计为例,理论与实践相结合研究《汽车构造》课程信息化教学设计,从教学分析、教学策略、教学实施、教学反思四方面阐述设计过程,实际教学效果良好,教学特色鲜明,对信息化教学的推广,具有启示与借鉴意义。     

An exploratory study on the Northern Sea Route as an alternative shipping passage

This qualitative inductive research explores the potential benefits for the Scandinavian economy and ports through the implementation of the Northern Sea Route (NSR) as an alternative for container shipping to the established Southern route through the Suez Canal. To extract expert’s opinions and address these objectives, we utilised in-depth face-to-face semi-structured interviews through purposive sampling in a single case study setting. The analysis of the data demonstrates that the commercialisation of NSR can yield benefits for the Scandinavian economy (e.g. GDP increase, jobs creation) and reveals the benefits of Scandinavian ports (e.g. ECA’s, flexibility, hinterland, etc.) compared to other ports in North West Europe, which potentially grasp the NSR as an opportunity. However, it is highlighted that this can only be achieved if Scandinavian countries are proactive and secure their involvement.     

基于模糊相似度的群决策方案排序

为解决排序方案多属性特征、决策者对事物认识的局限性以及决策群体中各个体间的矛盾性导致的决策方案排序困难的问题,引入模糊相似度概念,以测度决策专家的偏好差异,用有序加权平均算子集结群体意见,通过与虚拟正、负理想方案比较,实现决策方案排序,并介绍了决策实施步骤.     

柴油公交车燃用不同替代燃料的排放特性

采用OBS-2200车载排放检测系统,分析了柴油公交车实际道路工况的气态排放特性.使用的燃料分别为纯柴油、天然气制油(GTL)与生物柴油,道路工况主要包括市区主干道、次干道和快速路.分析结果表明:公交车燃用各类燃料的CO、HC、NOx和CO2的道路瞬时质量排放率均与瞬态车速变化有良好的跟随特性.公交车燃用各种替代燃料的气态污染物质量排放率随车速增加总体呈上升趋势,其中HC和CO2的质量排放率随车速增大,基本呈线性增加趋势,CO和NOx的质量排放率在中低车速区域随车速上升呈现增加趋势,而在高车速区域有所降低.与主干道、次干道相比,公交车在快速路上燃用各种燃料的气态污染物的排放因子都是最低的.与纯柴油相比,不论是质量排放率还是排放因子,生物柴油和GTL柴油的CO和HC排放都有所下降,且生物柴油的降幅更大一些.从全路况范围来看,纯生物柴油的CO和HC排放最低,纯生物柴油的NOx排放要高于柴油.全路况下,纯天然气制油、体积比为20％天然气制油、体积比为20％生物柴油的CO2排放要低于纯柴油,但纯生物柴油的CO2排放要高一些.     

车用代用燃料研究及发展趋势

较为详细地介绍了车用代用燃料，即液化石油气（LPG）、压缩天然气（CNG）、醇类燃料、生物燃料、二甲醚（DME）、合成柴油、生物柴油、氢能、电能的物理特性、排放、优缺点、水平现状及发展状况。     

浅析公路工程方案优选与造价控制的关系

文章基于设计方案优选的原则,提出公路工程方案设计中应树立全寿命周期成本的理念,并进行多方案的技术经济比选,合理确定工程设计方案,平衡技术与经济的关系,以通过方案优选达到控制造价的目的。