对铁路客站概算编制几个问题的探讨

铁路站房一般具有跨度大、空间大、荷载重等特点,他不同于一般的工业与民用建筑,在编制概预算时如果直接套用地方定额,会存在一定的不合理性.此文从站房基坑土方开挖、大体积混凝土支撑系统、大型钢结构安装工程、建筑装修支撑体系等方面,分析对编制项目概算的影响.通过分析与对比,提出采用地方定额的建议,以供在今后编制站房概算中借鉴.     

不同因素对潜堤波浪传播的影响

针对波浪穿过梯形潜堤时的波浪形态沿程变化问题,以梯形潜堤为研究对象,通过二维水槽试验,研究梯形潜堤上规则波的传播特征。以比波高为参数分析不同波浪要素(波高、周期和水深等)对波浪传播变形的影响。试验结果表明,其他条件不变时,入射波高越大、波浪周期越小、堤顶淹没水深越小时,波高在潜堤上方衰减越明显。在有足够水深,且波高较小时,波浪对潜堤均有良好的穿透性;波高较大时,波浪在潜堤上部发生破碎,波浪穿过潜堤后波高衰减,此时潜堤的消波作用明显;在波浪不发生破碎情况下,较长周期波浪在潜堤顶部比波高增大,且出现双峰值。     

Elasticities for taxicab fares and service availability

This study utilizes a unique dataset from New York City to examine the effects of taxi fare increases on trip demand and the availability of taxi service. The elasticity of trip demand with respect to fares is estimated to be –0.22; the elasticity of service availability with respect to the taxi fare is 0.28; and the elasticity of service availability with respect to total supply of service is near 1.0. These results have important implications for taxi regulatory decisions. First, fare increases do substantially increase industry revenues but at a lesser rate than the percentage increase in the fare. The implication for policy-makers is that fare elasticities must be carefully considered to obtain desired improvements in drivers' earnings. Second, service availability -- an important aspect of service quality that is generally overlooked during fare policy debates -- should be a central consideration in fare setting, given the considerable impact of fares on availability. Finally, where the supply of cabs needs to be expanded, the number of cabs can be significantly increased without harming the revenue stream of existing operators. This finding alleviates a major industry objection to issuing additional taxicab licenses.     

A multiobjective model for maximizing fleet availability under the presence of flight and maintenance requirements

Every aircraft, military or civilian, must be grounded for maintenance after it has completed a certain number of flight hours since its last maintenance check. In this paper, we address the problem of deciding which available aircraft should fly and for how long, and which grounded aircraft should perform maintenance operations, in a group of aircraft that comprise a combat unit. The objective is to achieve maximum availability of the unit over the planning horizon. We develop a multiobjective optimization model for this problem, and we illustrate its application and solution on a real life instance drawn from the Hellenic Air Force. We also propose two heuristic approaches for solving large scale instances of the problem. We conclude with a discussion that gives insight into the behavior of the model and of the heuristics, based on the analysis of the results obtained.     

牵引模式对C0-C0架悬式机车粘着性能的影响

分析了牵引模式对C0-C0架悬式机车粘着性能的影响.通过对牵引装置不同布置方式进行比较,指出机车的轴重转移量以车体中央截面成对称分布,对应轮对上的粘着质量利用率之和为定值;并提出牵引点高度对机车粘着性能影响较大,而牵引装置布置方式对其影响较小,机车设计时需根据悬挂特性选择合适的牵引点高度.     

国际展览馆中变压器互为备供的研究与探讨

根据一二级负荷的供电要求,阐述了变压器互为备供的方式和和要求,说明了一、二级负荷占比与变压器负荷率的关系,并用工程设计实例介绍了变压器不能经济运行时,利用空调专用变压器作为重要负荷备供的方法和操作流程。     

城市轨道交通系统可靠性指标及其计算

基于系统可靠性概念,构建了城市轨道交通系统的可靠性指标体系,提出了运营可靠度、运营恢复度及运营利用率等指标的定义,给出了相应的计算方法。应用该方法计算了上海轨道交通1、2、3号线的可靠性指标。     

长江口深水航道整治工程影响数值研究*

长江口深水航道整治工程使得南港北槽开通12.5 m水深航道,长江口河势及不同汊道动力条件随深水航道整治工程的完工发生了一系列的变化。利用长江口深水航道整治工程实施前后地形资料,分析出工程对长江口各汊道的地形变化的影响,同时应用上海河口海岸科学研究中心自主开发的平面二维模型模型计算了长江口流场变化,给出南北港、南北潮涨落潮分流比的变化,并分析了导致这种变化的主要原因。     

基于贝叶斯网络考虑共因失效的高速铁路牵引变电所可靠性分析

运用一种基于故障树的贝叶斯网络分析法,相比于传统的故障树分析法,它能够灵活地表示不确定信息,并能进行不确定性推理。并提出牵引变电所的寿命分布为指数分布,建立牵引变电所电气主接线的贝叶斯网络模型,对于系统二态性特征以及系统可靠度也符合指数分布,故在牵引变电所中选取β因子模型作为共因失效模型,显式分析方法作为共因失效的分析方法。用MATLAB对考虑共因失效的贝叶斯网络进行编程,并绘制相应的可靠度以及瞬时可用度的曲线图,结果表明在考虑共因失效后系统的可靠度有所降低,意味着得出的结果更接近实际。此外,实现牵引变电所定性和定量的评估,计算其可靠性指标,确定系统的薄弱环节。     

并网型风电机组可靠性设计

介绍了并网型风电机组可靠性指标及其评估方法,及并网型风电机组的运行情况;根据并网型风电机组可靠性串联模型,对并网型风电机组进行可靠性设计,找出其薄弱环节,提高其可靠性,达到提高可利用率和年发电量的目的。