面向新型混合交通流的智能交叉口网络布局优化

考虑网联自动驾驶车辆(Connected Autonomous Vehicle, CAV)应用先进的车联网与自动驾驶技术，可以采用智能交叉口的组织形式，大幅提升交叉口的通行效率，为降低CAV与人工驾驶车辆(Human-driven Vehicle, HV)混行条件下城市交通系统的整体出行成本，提出智能交叉口在城 市交通网络中的布局优化问题，建立数学优化模型并求解。首先，基于对两类车辆行驶特性的分析，建立混合用户均衡模型，描述CAV与HV的路径选择行为；其次，从交通规划者的角度，以系统最优为目标，整合混合用户均衡模型，建立面向新型混合交通流的智能交叉口网络布局优化模型，并利用改进的遗传算法求解；最后，选取Sioux-Falls交通网络作为案例分析，验证模型与算法的有效性，并研究CAV渗透率变化对优化结果的影响。研究表明，智能交叉口在城市路网中的合理规划极大地提高了新型混行场景下城市交通系统的出行效率，同时，大幅降低了由于网联自动 驾驶单方面技术优势带来的CAV与HV的出行效率差距，增进了出行公平性。     

Integrated models of land use and transportation for the autonomous vehicle revolution

ABSTRACT

The advent of the autonomous vehicle (AV) will affect not only the transportation system, but also future patterns of land development. Integrated land use and transportation models will be critical tools in assessing the path forward with this technology. Key questions with respect to land use impacts of AVs arise from potential changes in sensitivity to travel and reduced demand for parking. It is an open question whether AVs will induce urban sprawl, or whether spatial economies of agglomeration will mitigate any reductions in travel time sensitivity. The deployment of shared fleets of AVs would likely reduce parking demand, producing yet to be explored impacts on property development within existing urban footprints. We perform a critical assessment of currently operational models and their ability to represent the adoption of AVs. We identify the representation of time in such models as a vital component requiring additional development to model this new technology. Existing model applications have focused on the discrete addition of new infrastructure or policy at a fixed point in time, whereas AV adoption will occur incrementally through time. Stated adaptation surveys are recommended as tools to quantify preferences and develop relevant model inputs. It is argued that existing models that assume comparatively static equilibrium have been convenient in the past, but are insufficient to model technology adoption. In contrast, dynamic model frameworks lack sufficient structure to maintain reasonability under large perturbations from base conditions. The ongoing advancement of computing has allowed models to move away from being mechanistic aggregate tools, towards behaviourally rich depictions of individual persons and firms. However, much work remains to move from projections of existing conditions into the future, to the evolution of the spatial economy as it evolves through time in response to new technologies and exogenous stresses. Principles from complex and evolutionary systems theory will be important in the development of models with the capacity to consider such dynamics.     

FRP正弦波形夹心桥面板的等效有限元模型

以FRP正弦波形夹心桥面板作为研究对象,得到等效正交各项异性实心板,通过理论分析和数值对比,证明了方法的可行性;采用该法对一实际的FRP正弦波形夹心板桥进行了模态分析。     

Estimation of origin‐destination matrices for a multimodal public transit network

This paper presents a procedure for the estimation of origin‐destination (O‐D) matrices for a multimodal public transit network. The system consists of a number of favored public transit modes that are obtained from a modal split process in a traditional four‐step transportation model. The demand of each favored mode is assigned to the multimodal network, which is comprised of a set of connected links of different public transit modes. An entropy maximization procedure is proposed to simultaneously estimate the O‐D demand matrices of all favored modes, which are consistent with target data sets such as the boarding counts and line segment flows that are observed directly in the network. A case study of the Hong Kong multimodal transit network is used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology.     

产业集群企业人群行为的博弈分析

产业集群的形成和成长是集群外企业不断人群的过程，企业人群的行为是一种博弈决策。文中运用博弈理论、期望理论和效用理论的基本原理，以效用期望投资收益为依据，构建出企业人群的两类博弈模型：基于期望投资收益和具有偏好性的企业人群博弈模型，推导出企业人群的集群临界欢迎概率函数。描述了集群市场对企业人群行为欢迎概率的影响因素、构成模型和变化趋势。指出企业人群的偏好性对产业集群欢迎程度的具有很大的弹性。     

关于规定曲率弯矩方程弯矩正负号的问题

阐明了曲率弯矩方程的物理概念及用此方程建立梁(柱)弯曲微分方程的思路,论述了在建立梁(柱)弯曲微分方程中规定弯矩正负号(简称这种规定)引起的问题:1)这种规定破坏了曲率弯矩方程所反映的物理概念及用曲率弯矩方程建立梁(柱)弯曲微分方程的思路;2)这种规定导致了梁(柱)截面内力矩与梁(柱)曲率正负号无关的错误概念;3)按这种规定建立梁(柱)弯曲微分方程须记住弯矩正负号的规定,与此种规定对应的坐标系,不考虑梁(柱)曲率的正负号等3条内容,否则得出错误结果。建议材料力学在阐述梁(柱)弯曲微分方程中删去这种规定,以避免上述问题。     

船舶浮态计算方法及船舶浮态图谱

本文用化非线性问题为线性问题的线性化方法,对非线性隐式的船舶浮态方程组进行了数值解,并在深入研究的基础上提出了两种形式浮态图谱,以便能迅速而准确地确定船舶各种不同装载情况下的浮态。本文给出了五万吨油轮“西湖”号算例。     

城轨交通中三轨系统有限元模型及其动力特性

建立了由钢铝复合轨、绝缘支架、支撑卡爪和支架底座组成的三轨系统的有限元模型,计算了其动力特性,分析了下部桥梁结构振动的影响,为轨道的磨耗磨损研究及集电靴与接触轨的动态受流仿真的进一步研究建立基础。研究得出,三轨系统前十阶的自振频率范围与桥梁结构的自振频率相差较大,两者不会发生共振。     

基于有限元法的屏蔽门机械系统结构响应分析

建立了地铁站台屏蔽门机械系统的结构分析模型,利用有限元法分析了屏蔽门系统模态和结构刚度,得到屏蔽门系统的各阶主要模态的特性和屏蔽门整体及各关键部件的变形及应力分布.运用该分析方法对屏蔽门整体机械系统的结构特性及其可行性进行评价,为屏蔽门机械系统优化和可靠性设计提供了理论基础.     

基于模态贡献量的转向架接地轴端异常振动分析

以某型列车转向架为例,基于模态相关性原理,采用有限元计算和试验相结合的方法,建立了接地轴端的有限元模型,分析转向架接地轴端异常振动问题。通过对轴端关键部件进行模态分析和模态贡献量分析,得到了引起接地轴端异常振动的主要模态。分析结果表明,轴箱转臂在垂向的弯曲振型对振动的影响最为明显。提出了相应的振动控制措施,可为今后解决车辆局部振动问题提供参考。