认知语境与英语学习中的主动倾听

认知语境是一种理论构架,是人头脑中固有知识的集合体.主动倾听是听者积极寻找话语含义的一种认知方法,通过分析认知语境对英语学习中主动倾听影响,对大学英语的科研改革带来一点启示.     

Enhancing stated preference surveys in transportation research: the contribution of geographic information systems

In this paper we argue that visualization, data management and computational capabilities of geographic information systems (GIS) can assist transportation stated preference research in capturing the contextual complexity of many transportation decision environments by providing respondents with maps and other spatial and non-spatial information in graphical form that enhance respondents' understanding of decision scenarios. We explore the multiple inherent contributions of GIS to transportation stated preference data collection and propose a framework for a GIS-based stated preference survey instrument. We also present the design concepts of two survey prototypes and their GIS implementation for a sample travel mode choice problem.     

The social context of informal commuting: Slugs, strangers and structuration

Despite considerable interest in the role of social interactions and social context on transportation, there have been very few attempts to explore specific cases of social interaction influencing transportation systems. This paper explores the social practice of slugging, an informal system of carpooling in the Washington, DC area. Slugging emerged in response to the establishment of Virginia’s High Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) lanes in the early 1970s, as single drivers picked up riders alongside the road (slugs) in order to meet the requirements for driving in the less congested HOV lanes. Drawing on the work of sociologist Anthony Giddens, as well as the sociological insights of Georg Simmel and Stanley Milgram, we suggest that the practice of slugging highlights the processes of institutionalization and structuration. This paper details how the region’s mass transportation policies and urban culture have combined to result in an institutionalized practice with particular norms and logics of behavior. We conclude that looking at specific cases where social context has affected transportation, like slugging, could provide useful insights on the impact of social context on transportation policies and systems.     

化学品船操纵培训仿真软件的设计与实现

介绍化学品船操纵培训仿真软件的程序框架、仿真模块设计及程序实现方法,该仿真软件是利用Visual C 开发平台按照面向对象方法设计的操作培训软件,采用了系统建模、动态链接库(DLL)、设备环境绘图等计算机仿真技术和方法。     

组织背景中心智模式的自我管理

在组织发展的过程中 ,人的因素日益突出 ,尤其是组织中员工的心智模式 ,往往是决定其行为的深层原因。心智模式的研究由来已久 ,并发展出多元化的研究范式。本文在回顾总结文献研究的基础上 ,尝试对组织背景中员工心智模式的概念进行新的阐释 ,提出了心智模式的自我管理和培训 ,同时也论述了心智模式对学习型组织的意义     

Adopting Context Mediation in Information Integration to Resolve Semantic Heterogeneity in Distributed Environment

Ontology-based semantic information integration resolve the schema-level heterogeneity and part of data level heterogeneity between distributed data sources. But it is ubiquitous that schema semantics of information is identical while the interpretation of it varies with different context, and ontology-based semantic information integration can not resolve this context heterogeneity. By introducing context representation and context mediation to ontology based information integration, the attribute-level context heterogeneity can be detected and reconciled automatically, and hence a complete solution for semantic heterogeneity is formed. Through a concrete example, the context representation and the process in which the attribute-level context heterogeneity is reconciled during query processing are presented. This resolution can make up the deficiency of schema mapping based semantic information integration. With the architecture proposed in this paper the semantic heterogeneity solution is adaptive and extensive.     

哈罗德·布鲁姆影响诗学视域下的诗史重构

当代美国学者哈罗德·布鲁姆的影响诗学着眼于诗歌的审美创造活动,通过“影响的焦虑”命题下对事实性与修正的辩证分析,实际着重阐发了一种“反影响”诗学,并最终以审美僭越历史,对影响的诗史做互文性阐释和重构.布鲁姆影响诗学视域下的诗史重构,陷入了审美与历史的深刻矛盾,同时又以其审美主义偏执激化了这一矛盾,难以达到文学史的整体性再现.对此,回归文学史的历史性和语境化,当足以药石之.     

太原市汾东商务区汾河大桥桥梁建筑设计实践

桥梁作为一种具有特殊语言的交通建筑,在城市里既承担着交通功能又作为城市形象和文化载体,弘扬城市人文精神。以太原市汾东商务区4座汾河大桥整体设计为例,并以其中十号线桥为重点,从建筑设计构思与美学造型、结构选型、景观、照明等方面进行桥梁建筑设计实践,探索现代城市桥梁设计方法。     

社会矛盾调处与“大调解”解纷模式的完善——基于社会主义新时期的语境思考

"大调解"机制是我国社会主义新时期为应对层出不穷的新型纠纷而创设的新型纠纷解决机制。它与传统意义上的"小调解"一脉相承,在特征上相区别。大调解在纠纷解决与社会综合治理等方面发挥着不可忽视的能动作用,但也存在着容易扭曲变形,侵损司法规律等诸多局限。因此,以转型时期为语境,我国在完善大调解机制方面应确立实效性、普适性、试点性的基本原则,并以处理司法与非司法之关系为支点,致力于构建纠纷预防与纠纷消解的双重治理机制。     

大学英语词汇教学研究

词汇量的难以有效扩大一直是困扰我国大学生英语水平提高的瓶颈.词汇教学是英语学习的基础,但因传统词汇教学思想的影响,教师对词汇教学却一直不得其法,无所适从.而学生记忆单词更是感觉枯燥乏味,花了大量的时间和精力,却效果不佳,降低了对英语学习的积极性.笔者试从任务教学法、语境教学法及文化教学法几方面阐述如何改变传统词汇教学法旨在提高英语词汇教学质量.