空气污染气象与大气环境影响评价和预测研究

通过关于大气污染与气象条件、污染气象要素的测量手段和方法的介绍,以及对区域大气边界层扩散参数、大气扩散数学模式选择等计算方法的分析后,进一步阐明污染物在大气输送、扩散、迁移的稀释过程中,与气候、气象条件有着密切关系,应在大气环境影响评价和预测分析中予以重视。     

鱼雷航速航程与动力电池功率容量的关系

本文讨论电动鱼雷主要性能参数与其动力电池参数之间的关系。提出了综合功率系数概念及计算方法。综合功率系数愈小，推进系统的整体性能愈好。提高功率密度特别是提高体积功率密度对于减小综合功率系数非常重要。     

特定环境下螺旋桨尾轴蠕变特性研究

针对常温下长期受到恒载荷作用下的某舰螺旋桨尾轴进行了常温蠕变分析，并对变形后的螺旋桨尾轴进行了动力分析。选择合适的蠕变模型，采用有限元法，计算出20年后尾轴的挠曲线，并对无变形的螺旋桨尾轴和蠕变变形后的螺旋桨尾轴进行模态分析，进行比较。最后计算出变形后尾轴所产生的激励和响应。经过分析计算可知，蠕变已经使尾轴性能有了实质性的降低。     

B_0-B_0机车转向架直线运行横向轮/轨力和蛇行稳定性的理论研究(上)

本文根据轮/轨蠕滑理论提供了计算和分析B_0—B_0机车转向架直线运行横向轮/轨力的方法,并以SS4型电力机车作为验证实例,理论计算和实际测试的结果相接近。作者采用这种方法对轮/轨力进行可靠的分析,旨在论证我国现有电力机车转向架蛇行稳定性所要求的最佳轮对定位刚度。本文论证结果符合于作者在文献[1]中提出的轮对定位新方案,它可适用于最大运行速度为100km/h的现有SS型电力机车。     

盾构法隧道纵向地震响应特性

采用土—结相互作用的动力有限元法,引入无长度的3自由度弹簧单元模拟纵向螺栓接头,分析行波波长、地基刚度与阻尼对盾构法隧道纵向地震响应的影响。分析结果表明:行波从水平方向输入时有突变弯矩产生,突变弯矩随波长和阻尼的增大而减小,而地基刚度系数对突变弯矩的影响相对较小;行波作用下,产生的接头最大轴力及最大弯矩值均随波长的增大而减小,而地基刚度系数及阻尼系数取值对最大弯矩值的影响较小。因此,建议在实际工程设计计算中要重视输入地震动参数的选择,且取较小的阻尼系数。     

Ground truthing sediment profile imagery with traditional benthic survey data along an established disturbance gradient

Macrobenthic surveys are an expensive, slow and labour intensive means to establish the health of benthic communities. Sediment profile imagery (SPI) is a means of rapid reconnaissance for monitoring large areas of the benthos. SPI has often been used to monitor gross anthropogenic disturbance. The aim of this study is to determine if SPI can be used as a tool to reliably map change in communities along natural estuarine gradients. Macrobenthic sampling was carried out at five stations along an established estuarine gradient. This faunal data was analysed using standard multivariate techniques and to ground truth a concurrent SPI survey. Faunal analysis showed that habitat quality in Inner Galway Bay was generally good, with some localised disturbance from the River Corrib and the sewage out flow exterior to the city dock. Four distinct groups were identified with a degree of overlap occurring between stations 3 and 4. While existing SPI indices mapped habitat quality in the same manner as the faunal data for end member stations, the level of distinction between the habitats of an intermediate staging was found to be poor. This lack of distinction amongst the stage 2 and 3 stations was overcome by developing a tailored index, the Galway Bay index of habitat quality (GBHQ). This index was derived from the 5 observed variables in the SPI data that were determined to best match the faunal distribution by permutative mantel testing. The 5 observed variables from the SPI data were the depth of the apparent redox potential discontinuity (aRPD), the depth of penetration by the prism, and the presence/absence of infauna, surface faecal pellet layer and biogenic mounding. The GBHQ was able to distinguish between the 5 stations to a greater extent than previously described indices, showing clearly the separate groupings defined by the faunal data. The index was tested on a follow up SPI survey and shown to be applicable in mapping a broader range of habitats in Galway Bay. Indices generated for localised mapping of estuarine gradients should be derived from observed features and be ground truthed using faunal data. Some aspects of the GBHQ should be generally applicable to fine grained boreal estuarine sediments (aRPD/penetration), while others may be of limited utility in other locations depending on the digging characteristics of the particular SPI camera, and local factors influencing the persistence of biogenic features in the profile. This derivation technique provides a simple way to optimise SPI to particular studies and localities.     

侧向风作用下车桥系统气动性能及风屏障的影响研究

采用计算流体力学软件建立桥梁单体、车辆单体以及车桥组合体模型,湍流模型取标准κ-ε模型,计算各模型在不同风攻角时侧向风作用下的气动力系数.考虑风屏障对车辆、桥梁气动性能影响,建立风屏障、桥梁与车辆组合体模型,分析风屏障不同开孔率时车辆、桥梁气动力系数变化规律.结果表明:车辆位于桥上时,桥梁阻力和车辆侧力会增大;桥上车辆侧滚力矩系数明显大于车辆单独存在的情况,且车辆位于桥上迎风侧大于背风侧的情况;安装风屏障后,桥梁阻力和力矩系数随开孔率增大而降低,车辆侧力系数和力矩系数随开孔率增大而增大;为保证风屏障有效性,风屏障开孔率应小于40％.     

回转质量系数对高速列车牵引电算的影响

高速铁路电动车组在列车编组方式、牵引及制动性能、列车运行控制模式等方面与普速铁路旅客列车有着较大区别。本文以高速动车组列车牵引计算特点分析为基础,从回转质量系数因素阐述了高速列车牵引计算指标参数的影响,并推导了基于回转质量系数的高速列车加速度、运行时分、加速距离及制动距离等指标国际单位制表达式,最后以CRH3型动车组及京津城际铁路线路纵断面为依据,进行模拟计算分析得出回转质量系数对牵引计算指标的影响规律。     

土质路基荷载下地基反力试验研究

地基反力σ能够反映荷载作用下地基受力的情况,但其在土质路基特别是高压实度土质路基荷载作用下的研究并不多。本文通过现场及室内离心模型模拟土质路基的填筑及放置过程的试验,对地基反力进行研究。研究表明:高压实度土质路基荷载作用下地基反力呈弧形分布,路基宽度范围内地基反力小于γH值,靠近坡脚的路基边坡区域大于γH值。路基中心处地基反力σc与路基宽高比b/H有很大关系,当路基宽高比b/H较小时,σc与γH值差距较大;当b/H较大时,σc与γH值差距减小;当b/H大于10时,σc基本等于γH值。本文结合试验结果得出考虑b/H影响的路基中心处地基反力σc的计算方法,提出新的地基反力沿路基横断面的计算公式,使路基荷载下地基反力的计算结果更接近实际;结合试验得到路基中心处实测地基反力及地基沉降值,对两种中等压缩性土地基在路基荷载作用下的地基反力与地基沉降的关系进行讨论,得出其相关性较好的地基反力系数,为今后土质路基荷载作用下地基反力系数的应用提供了参考资料。     

电铁谐波的“三级评估”方法研究

针对谐波的复杂性,IEC提出"三级评估"原则,其中第三级评估方法对电气化铁路牵引畸变负荷是适用的。本文讨论电气化铁道牵引负荷谐波的考核值(THD)问题,根据中、低电压级电气设备承受谐波能力的裕度,提出采用综合渗透(传递)系数法来制定IEC"三级评估"考核值。以某变电站供电区域的子电网为例,验证了本文所提方法的合理性。