夏商西周残疾人事业研究

从夏朝开始,中国社会进入奴隶社会。伴随着氏族公社解体的时代变化,残疾人开始由生育了他们的家庭承担主要抚养责任。为了维护国家的安宁、社会的稳定,统治者制定了减免残疾人家庭赋税徭役的政策,减轻了残疾人家庭的负担。西周创设医官医治残疾人疾患。人们开始探索残疾人致残的原因,以减少或避免残疾现象的出现。以培养宫廷乐师为主的残疾人职业教育产生并发展起来,具备了一定的规模、教学模式与考核制度。在此期间,原始社会后期部落所实行的“鳏寡、孤独、废疾者有所养”的举措向“各以其器食之”的残疾人就业政策转化,残疾人也由被抚养者成为社会建设的一员。     

Designing Coastal Management Strategies for Populations with Distinct Needs: The Case of Learning Disabilities

The Disability Discrimination Act (1995, amended 2005), Equality Act (2010 Equality Act. 2010. Equality Act. http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2010/15/contents#openingWholeMod (accessed May 17, 2012) [Google Scholar]), EU Disability Action Plan (2003 –2010), and EU Disability Strategy (2010–2020) were designed to make equal opportunities a “reality.” As 16% of the EU population, is statutorily disabled there are considerable implications for beach management. Research examples of beach users include swimmers, anglers, etc. - but rarely people with learning disabilities (LD). This paper considered beach users with LD and their appreciation of three different coastal classifications in South Wales. Because of their disabilities, the research applied a participatory photo interpretation methodology (photovoice). A comparison of the LD ranking of beach issues was made with rankings provided by the general public at the same beaches. Results demonstrated some similarities between LD and general public coastal needs, but identified the need for specific considerations to be made by beach managers for LD users, including informed self-advocacy, use/application of signage, instructive access and a requirement for baseline information gathering. The research proposes an integrated coastal access model from which coastal management/gatekeepers can consider LD needs within coastal strategies. Finally, findings highlight the use of photovoice in coastal research projects and the need for innovative methodological considerations when researching certain groups.     

Maximum acceptable gap between urban-guided transport vehicles and platforms for persons with disabilities: the findings of an experimental study conducted to inform policy decisions

The French ministry responsible for transport has commissioned a study aimed at providing data to determine the maximum gap size between vehicle and platform for guided transport vehicles, which would become a legal requirement. Specific experimental conditions were created, with a physical mock-up simulating a tramway and a platform and providing several gap configurations (between 20 and 50?mm for the horizontal gap and between 20 and 75?mm for the vertical step), and an experimental design based on the negotiation of gaps by wheelchairs users (mainly manual or electric powered). The experiment was conducted with 46 participants with different functional abilities. Data were collected on performance and gap negotiation time. The results of this study indicate that despite the failures observed for the 50?×?50?mm gap size during the experiment, most wheelchair users who took part in the test have successfully negotiated this gap.     

关联理论视角下的英语听力“失聪”现象探究

听是英语学习的重要环节,英语听力技能的培养是英语听力教学的重要目标.本文依据关联理论对英语听力教学过程中遇到的"失聪"现象进行探究,旨在寻找造成这一现象的内在机制,并提出应对策略,以期对英语听力教学、英语听力培训及英语自学者有所启示.     

A systematic review of disability’s treatment in the active school travel and children’s independent mobility literatures

While various forms of social difference (e.g. gender, age, race/ethnicity, and class) have been engaged in the active school travel (AST) and children’s independent mobility (CIM) literatures, one form has gone largely unconsidered: disability. Disregard for disability within these literatures is troubling, as it leaves children’s experiences of disability associated with independent mobility and school travel unquestioned, which in turn helps to allow their experiences of exclusion to persist. This paper presents a systematic review of the AST and CIM literatures that was undertaken with a view to providing insight into three questions. (1) To what extent is disability considered in the literatures in comparison to other forms of social difference? (2) How is disability engaged? (3) How could disability be approached differently such that experiences of children (and their households) living with disability are better accounted for moving forward (e.g. provided with equitable travel/mobility options)? Following a detailed consideration of the systematic review process, this paper presents figures and tables showing the extent to which disability has been considered in the two literatures in relation to other forms of social difference. To show how transport scholars and others are engaging disability, 29 studies were identified for in-depth, qualitative review. These studies are summarized and then discussed in relation to their geographic focus, the forms of disability they considered, their treatment of children’s perspective and agency, and the disability perspectives they employed. It is suggested that disability and its relationships with other forms of social difference, as well as the largely unquestioned normalcy of children’s disability experiences, warrant further inquiry within the AST and CIM literatures. We propose that drawing upon a critical ableist studies perspective may be useful for any such inquiry due to its focus on ableism and normalcy, as well as its recognition of the complex intersectionality of disability experiences.     

生之挣扎的温情表达

东北作家迟子建老练、流畅的笔下表现着人生世相的复杂,对世界和世道人心的把握举重若轻,她的小说更多地带有人间烟火的气息,凝重、开阔、浑厚。纵观她的小说创作,无论她前期还是后期容量较大、意蕴深厚的小说都充满了爱意的温情书写。通过对迟子建小说整体与细节的把握,去探究她在对庸常"生之挣扎"的琐碎描写中所透出的抹抹温情,及这抹抹温情背后所蕴藏的对人性与世道人的心批判。     

和谐社会背景下构建湖北省养老服务超市模式的研究

湖北省人口老龄化已较为严重,到2015年的“十二五”末,我国失能和半失能老人将达4000万人,他们不同程度地需要专业化护理.而随着独生子女家庭、小型化家庭的增多,失能和半失能老人的护理问题将成为一大社会问题,政商协办的养老服务超市模式不失为节约型社会的主要养老选择.