大型购物中心诱增交通量预测方法研究

近年来，随着人们生活水平的提高和消费观念的改变，shopping mall正在中国越来越热。shopping mall由于体量庞大，它的建设无疑会对城市道路交通体系产生较大的影响。本文在对北京mall交通影响分析实践的基础上，根据购物(休闲娱乐)出行需求的特点，提出了大型购物中心诱增交通量预测的思路，并重点阐述了商圈分析法和非集计模型在诱增交通量预测中的应用，取得了较好的效果。     

SP调查的非集计模型在水上巴士交通中的应用

非集计模型近年来在交通模型的研究领域受到较多关注.主要讨论了未建交通系统中意愿调查方法的使用,以及如何在意愿调查数据的基础上建立非集计模型并进行客流需求分析.着重对基于SP调查的非集计模型在黄浦江水上巴士交通客运交通系统中的应用进行了研究和探讨,介绍了黄浦江水上巴士交通的SP调查以及其他相关调查,建立了非集计模型用于水上巴士交通服务模式选择和需求预测,对上海市水上巴士未来客流增长空间进行了判断.指出非集计模型适用于具体的小规模的有针对性的规划设计项目,SP调查的设计以及调查数据的采集是非集计模型建立的关键,基于SP调查的非集计模型可用于未建交通系统的服务模式确定、客流需求预测等方面.     

北京市旅游交通方式选择行为研究

为防止北京市旅游高峰期间景区周边交通混乱以及城市交通路网负荷增加,选取北京市三 处景点进行问卷调查,将游客的年龄、是否有车、月收入、同行人数及同伴类型等数据作为影响游客交通方式选择的因素。与此同时,对所需数据进行有效性检验,进而分析不同游客的出行方 式特性,利用非集计模型对游客的交通方式选择行为进行研究。结果显示：游客的年龄、是否有车、月收入、同行人数以及同伴类型这几类因素对游客的交通方式选择的影响均显著,并得到游 客对私家车、出租车、地铁及公交车这四类交通方式选择的比例,分别为17%, 7%, 54%, 22%。研究表明,北京市旅游交通方式的需求以公共交通为主,尤其是对轨道交通的需求,为此建议进 一步加大北京市旅游公共交通系统建设,提高旅游交通的服务质量。     

Flexible long range planning using low cost information

Contemporary transport planning requires a flexible modelling approach which can be used to monitor the implementation of a long term plan checking regularly its short term performance with easily available data; the original model is periodically updated using low cost information and this allows the evaluation of the changes to the plan which may be required. Such an approach requires models suited to regular updating and to the use of data from different sources. Models to update trip matrices from traffic counts have been available for some time; however, the estimation and/or updating of other model stages with low cost data has escaped analytical treatment. The paper discusses this idea and formulates the updating problem for an example involving a joint destination/mode choice model under various assumptions about the nature of the available data. Analytical solutions are proposed as well as some general conclusions.requests for offprints     

考虑土地利用性质匹配度的城轨客流分布预测

传统城轨站间客流分布模型较少考虑起讫点土地利用对客流分布的影响,当 站点周边土地利用发生改变时适用性变差,无法保持较好的预测精度,因此有必要构建 考虑站点土地利用及其站点间土地利用性质匹配度的客流分布预测模型.首先,基于站点 聚类分析土地利用性质与客流分布之间的关联性,构造性质匹配度指标;其次,综合考虑 站点土地利用、性质匹配度、终点站吸引量、运行时间等因素建立效用函数,结合客流数 据进行参数估计,构建基于目的地选择的轨道交通客流分布模型;最后,利用广州市轨道 交通客流量数据对其进行精度分析.结果显示,在站点土地利用性质未发生改变与改变情 景下全网站间客流分布量的平均绝对误差仅为29.30 和29.52 人,表明模型具有较高的预 测精度.     

Determinants of modal choice in freight transport

In the next few years, exciting developments in the field of freight transport are likely to occur. The Channel Tunnel will be perceived as giving railways much greater distance of operation, compared to the current train ferry to/from Great Britain. The further development of swap-body technology will allow easier modal transfer and the creation, in 1992, of a single market in Europe will transform the pattern of trade. All of these are likely to have significant impacts on modal choice, and hence modal split, in freight transport. Reappraisal by many firms of the modes of transport used is likely but will it result in a net transfer of freight from road to rail and, if so, to what extent? To answer such questions, an accurate and reliable method of predicting modal split is required. Research in the past has concentrated on the development of modal split models based on generalised costs. These fail to explain adequately the prevalence of road freight in the UK. From surveys of freight managers within industry, it is clear that models to date rely too heavily on the economic cost factor and too little on behavioural factors (Jeffs 1985). This paper derives from a recent study of freight transport modal choice from the standpoint of the transport decision-maker within the firm. It attempts to shed light on the actual parameters which should be incorporated into a modal split model. Many variables appear to exert an influence on modal choice decision-making process. However, it is possible to categorise them into six main groups, namely: customer-requirements; product-characteristics; company structure/organisation; government interventions; available transport facilities; and perceptions of the decision-maker him/herself. It is the interactions and inter-relationships between these which ultimately determine freight modal split. This study has shown that the relationship between the outcome of the transport decision process and the values of particular determinants of modal split is not straight-forward, due to the complexity and variety of interactions involved. Perhaps one of the main reasons for researchers' failure hitherto to develop a successful modal-split model has been the preoccupation with techniques that rely on the development of common metric (e.g. generalised cost), which has led to the exclusion of some important explanatory variables along quite different dimensions. Another important issue concerns the appropriate level of aggregation. In order not to reduce the explanatory power of the key variables, it is important to work at a disaggregate level, although this does make substantial demands on data. The use of factor analysis enables both the aggregation of information without loss of behavioural reality and the specification of variables in terms of a common metric. In conclusion, freight transport has usually been examined within too narrow a framework. It must be placed firmly within the context of the total industrial process. The demand for freight transport is directly influenced by the level, composition and geographical distribution of production and consumption activities. Freight flows are complex and so it is highly unlikely that a universal mode-choice model can ever be developed. Future research should, therefore, be directed towards developing partial models in response to specific needs of those involved in decision-taking in the freight sector.     

武汉关—中华路过江乘客出行选择行为研究

为提高武汉关-中华路间过江轮渡相对于轨道交通的竞争力,对过江乘客的出行选择行为进行分析。通过对武汉关-中华路356名过江乘客的调查,建立二元Logit模型,明确影响过江乘客选择轮渡或者轨道交通2号线过江的关键因素:出行者收入,出行费用,行程时间。提出通过制定合理的轮渡票价、优化轮渡班次、完善轮渡码头两侧的交通衔接设施,提高轮渡的竞争力。     

轨道交通接驳方式选择行为分析——以上海松江大学城为例

基于上海松江大学城站轨道衔接方式选择行为的调查数据,对城市轨道交通接驳方式选择行为进行研究,从大学城学生个体角度分析学生群体的出行特征和规律,合理有效地调整交通结构,进而优化城市轨道交通服务水平,增加城市轨道交通的吸引力.基于Nested Logit非集计模型,建立两种不同分组选择支的轨道交通衔接方式选择模型进行参数标定,对比模型的优比度、分支相关系数和命中率,择优选择精度较高的模型.根据建模结果,在调查数据分析的基础上,对不同接驳方式的分担率进行预测.预测结果为:公共汽车的分担率最高,为59.9％,即公共汽车仍为学生选择的主要接驳方式,出租车的分担率次之,自行车分担率最低.最后,对NL模型进行应用.研究发现,对于学生群体而言,提高出租车的起步价对出租车的分担率并无较大影响.综合比较性别、接驳时间、接驳费用等影响因素,发现性别对学生接驳方式的选择有较大影响.     

上海浦东国际机场集疏运交通方式选择行为分析

针对上海浦东机场航空旅客,进行机场集疏运交通方式选择行为研究,通过浦东机场航空旅客的SP调查数据,分析了集疏运系统服务水平对航空旅客交通方式选择行为的影响,在按照出行目的、居住地情况和携带大件行李3个要素对航空旅客进行市场细分的情况下,建立了分类的机场集疏运交通方式选择行为的多元Logit模型,对影响机场交通方式选择的...