科技英语翻译对专业知识的要求

本文从词汇、表达方式和语法结构理解三方面论述了专业知识对科技英语翻译的重要性,同时也简要说明了语言知识也很重要,两者缺一不可,相辅相成。     

城市轨道交通客流预测宏观指标统计分析这篇中文摘要写得很空泛，不太容易看出论文要点

城市轨道交通客流预测作为需求分析的有效技术手段,其预测结果的可信度和有效性将直接影响决策的精准度,重要性不言而喻。通过对北京、上海、广州、深圳、成都、南京等20余座城市的轨道交通现状运营数据进行全面整理与归纳,系统阐述网络客流、线路客流、车站客流的诸多特征,从负荷强度、网络平均乘距、线路平均运距、换乘系数、断面高峰小时系数、断面不均衡性、换乘客流量级分布、车站超高峰系数等客流预测关键技术指标进行特征探讨与规律总结,以期协助模型工作者更好地把握预测结果的合理性。     

现代有轨电车一体化仿真系统设计与实现

城市道路交叉口的混合路权是影响现代有轨电车在交叉口通过能力的主要因素,也是工程设计的最大难点,因此设计并研发了一套具备全线路运行仿真评价功能的现代有轨电车一体化仿真系统。该系统具有混合交通环境建模、运行图与交叉口信号方案协调性分析、多交路及成网运行仿真、多用途评价指标输出及可扩展接口等特色功能。仿真运行过程反映有轨电车在区间运行的牵引动力学特征、安全追踪、列车折返以及过岔等作业细节,仿真结果可用于评价交叉口的混合路权及信号控制策略对现代有轨电车运行的影响效果,并结合具体案例展示该仿真系统的基本功能和部分输出指标。该系统有望为现代有轨电车规划设计方案的全面评估提供量化支持。     

北京轨道交通车站衔接规划方法及其思考

论述交通衔接作为地铁出行的重要环节,直接影响地铁客流吸引力和交通系统的整体运转效率,在规划工作中备受关注.基于北京近些年多条地铁线路的衔接规划实践,提出“面-线-点”系统的衔接规划方法体系;结合北京的城市用地布局和交通出行特点,得出操作性较强的衔接设施的设置原则;同时,针对当前交通衔接发展的新需求进行初步探讨.     

Bus Priority Using pre-signals

The need to provide efficient public transport services in urban areas has led to the implementation of bus priority measures in many congested cities. Much interest has recently centred on priority at signal controlled junctions, including the concept of pre-signals, where traffic signals are installed at or near the end of a with-flow bus lane to provide buses with priority access to the downstream junction. Although a number of pre-signals have now been installed in the U.K., particularly in London, there has been very little published research into their design, operation and optimisation. This paper addresses these points through the development of analytical procedures which allow pre-implementation evaluation of specific categories of pre-signals. The paper initially sets out three categories of pre-signal, which have different operating characteristics, different requirements for signalling and different impacts on capacity and delay. Key issues concerning signalling arrangements for these categories are then discussed, together with a summary of the analytical approach adopted and the assumptions required. Equations are developed to allow appropriate signal timings to be calculated for pre-signalised intersections. Further equations are then developed to enable delays to priority and non-priority traffic, with and without pre-signals, to be estimated with delay being taken here as the key performance criterion. The paper concludes with three application examples illustrating how the equations are applied and the impacts of pre-signals in different situations.The analyses confirm the potential benefits of pre-signals, where these signals apply to non-priority traffic only. Where buses are also subject to a pre-signal, it is shown that disbenefits to buses can often occur, unless bus detectors are used to gain priority signalling.     

交叉口单点公共汽车交通优先控制方法研究

开发ITS背景下的公共汽车交通优先控制方法是从根本上改善公交车辆运行情况的需要。满足车辆固有的行驶时刻表是实施公交优先通行申请的重要依据,在本文控制策略中运用绿灯时间延长和相位提前激活两种方法,在兼顾其它车辆运行情况的前提下,给予晚点公交车优先的通行信号。论文最后以厦门市湖滨南路实际交通流量为依托,运用交通仿真方法验证了优先控制策略的实际效果。     

Analytical and simulation approaches to understand combined effects of transit signal priority and road-space priority measures

Transit signal priority (TSP) may be combined with road-space priority (RSP) measures to increase its effectiveness. Previous studies have investigated the combination of TSP and RSP measures, such as TSP with dedicated bus lanes (DBLs) and TSP with queue jump lanes (QJLs). However, in these studies, combined effects are usually not compared with separate effects of each measure. In addition, there is no comprehensive study dedicated to understanding combined effects of TSP and RSP measures. It remains unclear whether combining TSP and RSP measures creates an additive effect where the combined effect of TSP and RSP measures is equal to the sum of their separate effects. The existence of such an additive effect would suggest considerable benefits from combining TSP and RSP measures. This paper explores combined effects of TSP and RSP measures, including TSP with DBLs and TSP with QJLs. Analytical results based on time-space diagrams indicate that at an intersection level, the combined effect on bus delay savings is smaller than the additive effect if there is no nearside bus stop and the traffic condition in the base case is under-saturated or near-saturated. With a near-side bus stop, the combined effect on bus delay savings at an intersection level can be better than the additive effect (or over-additive effect), depending on dwell time, distance from the bus stop to the stop line, traffic demand, and cycle length. In addition, analytical results suggest that at an arterial level, the combined effect on bus delay savings can be the over-additive effect with suitable signal offsets. These results are confirmed by a micro-simulation case study. Combined effects on arterial and side-street traffic delays are also discussed.     

有轨电车交叉口交通组织及控制方案优化

有轨电车在运行过程中,易在交叉口处产生瓶颈,导致有轨电车通行速度降低、乘客舒适度下降。从有轨电车交叉口信号优先控制、现状交叉口交通管理与控制优化、公共交通组织优化、慢行交通组织优化4个方面提出了相应的优化措施。以武汉市有轨电车作为实例,提出了一系列改善措施,并利用VISSIM软件仿真模拟了实施效果,仿真结果验证了优化方案的科学性和有效性。     

呼和浩特市优先发展城市公共交通探讨

通过对呼和浩特市城市公共交通现状的分析,指出呼和浩特市公共交通存在的问题,进一步说明保证呼和浩特市公共交通优先发展在缓减交通压力、提高城市公共客运效益、环境保护方面的重要意义,同时提出呼和浩特市优先发展公共交通应采取的措施.