基于手机传感器数据的出行特征提取方法

手机调查方法的已有研究较多集中于基于手机信令数据的宏观出行特征获取,而手机传感器数据在个体出行链微观出行特征提取方面具有优势.针对城市居民多采用组合交通方式出行的特征,研发智能手机应用软件,实现GPS数据(位置坐标与速度)、加速度计、服务基站、WiFi等传感器数据采集.运用小波分析、神经网络等数据挖掘技术分析不同交通方式出行数据差异,探索多种数据挖掘算法用于个体出行参数提取的可行性及效果.结合实际案例,总结应用手机传感器数据进行出行特征精细化提取的难点和技术关键.最后,探讨精细化个体出行数据在交通模型和理论优化方面的应用.     

基于手机GPS定位数据的交通方式换乘点识别方法研究

交通方式换乘点识别长期以来是手机大数据交通调查领域的一大技术难点,既有研究大多通过设置出行时间、距离阈值进行识别,算法经验性强,普适性不佳,且易将起讫点、信号控制、交通拥堵等停留误识别为换乘停留。为此,提出了一种基于手机GPS定位数据的交通方式换乘点识别新方法：首先,构建模糊时空聚类算法识别个体运动-静止状态,算法同步实现了定位点时空密度双重聚类约束与聚类边界弹性需求,对个体运动状态识别效果更佳;其次,建立支持向量机模型进行交通方式换乘点识别,有效解决了起讫点、信号控制、交通拥堵等停留对换乘停留造成的干扰;最后,从出行链视角出发,提出了基于序列相似度算法的误差回溯自检与优化模型,能够有效修复换乘点漏识别与错误识别问题。此外,在成都市开展了大范围实测试验,由150名志愿者采集了近2 160 h得到的777.6万条数据被用于技术实证评估。试验结果表明：所述方法对交通方式换乘点平均识别准确率达89.3%,换乘时间平均识别误差控制在20 s以内;与既有空间聚类、小波分析算法相比,换乘点识别精度提升近10%,换乘时间误差最大可降低20 s以上,算法适用性与效果更佳。研究成果可为基于活动的交通需求模型演进提供数据支撑,为交通规划与管理部门决策提供技术支持。     

Investigation of the use of smartphone applications for trip planning and travel outcomes

This paper explores the use of smartphone applications for trip planning and travel outcomes using data derived from a survey conducted in Halifax, Nova Scotia, in 2015. The study provides empirical evidence of relationships of smartphone use for trip planning (e.g. departure time, destination, mode choice, coordinating trips and performing tasks online) and resulting travel outcomes (e.g. vehicle kilometers traveled, social gathering, new place visits, and group trips) and associated factors. Several sets of factors such as socio-economic characteristics and travel characteristics are tested and interpreted. Results suggest that smartphone applications mostly influence younger individuals’ trip planning decisions. Transit pass owners are the frequent users of smartphone applications for trip planning. Findings suggest that transit pass owners commonly use smartphone applications for deciding departure times and mode choices. The study also identifies the limited impact of smartphone application use on reducing travel outcomes, such as vehicle kilometers traveled. The highest impact is in visiting new places (a 48.8% increase). The study essentially offers an original in-depth understanding of how smartphone applications are affecting everyday travel.     

基于智能手机平台的主动安全预警系统关键技术研究

介绍了智能手机中传感器类型,提出了基于智能手机的预警系统体系框架,设计了安全预警功能．采用道路实验横向测评了两款智能手机安全预警软件和一款专业设备在功能、可靠性等方面的指标,前碰撞和车道偏离预警结果表明：智能手机可以实现专业系统的主动安全预警功能并进一步拓展,预警信息发布精度也在可接受范围内．     

手机提供拥挤信息的公交路径选择研究

在公交网络中，智能手机提供的出行信息可为公交出行乘客提供有效帮助. 在手机提供车内拥挤信息条件下，对乘客的路径选择过程进行模拟，构建乘客出行和换乘两种路径选择模型，包括车内的座位分配过程和在站台的排队过程. 通过仿真计算，比较了提供拥挤信息与不提供拥挤信息条件下车内拥挤程度改善情况，揭示了提供拥挤信息条件下乘客的路径选择规律. 结果表明，手机提供车内拥挤信息可以大幅度降低车内的拥挤程度，有效改善乘客的乘车环境.     

Behavioral responses to pre-planned road capacity reduction based on smartphone GPS trajectory data: A functional data analysis approach

Abstract

Pre-planned events such as constructions or special events lead to road capacity reductions and create bottlenecks in the traffic network. The traffic impact of such events goes beyond local areas, as informed drivers may detour to alternative corridors and consequently the traffic congestion may divert or propagate to other corridors. Due to the lack of real observation data, traditional traffic impact analyses are typically based on simulation models, fixed-location sensor data or survey questionnaires. In this research, we use high-resolution vehicle trajectory data collected via a smartphone app, which is capable of keeping track of individual driver’s behavior before and after road capacity reduction, to investigate travelers’ behavioral responses to pre-planned events and the contribution factors. For this purpose, a functional data analysis (FDA) approach-based clustering method is firstly proposed to cluster trajectory data and identify detour patterns, and two logistic and a least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression models are used to explain drivers’ detour behavior choice for each pattern with spatial and temporal features of interest. A case study based on a lane closure event on MoPac expressway in Austin, TX is used as an example in this research. The case study demonstrates that: (1) the freeway capacity reduction triggered heterologous behavior responses, (2) driver detour behavior exhibits three major patterns and (3) each detour pattern highly depends on spatial features such as trip length, distance to freeway entrance and distance to other alternative freeways, in addition to the temporal features when the trip happens.     

手机提供拥挤信息的公交路径选择研究

在公交网络中，智能手机提供的出行信息可为公交出行乘客提供有效帮助. 在手机提供车内拥挤信息条件下，对乘客的路径选择过程进行模拟，构建乘客出行和换乘两种路径选择模型，包括车内的座位分配过程和在站台的排队过程. 通过仿真计算，比较了提供拥挤信息与不提供拥挤信息条件下车内拥挤程度改善情况，揭示了提供拥挤信息条件下乘客的路径选择规律. 结果表明，手机提供车内拥挤信息可以大幅度降低车内的拥挤程度，有效改善乘客的乘车环境.     

Identifying trip ends from raw GPS data with a hybrid spatio-temporal clustering algorithm and random forest model: a case study in Shanghai

ABSTRACT

Smartphones have been advocated as the preferred devices for travel behavior studies over conventional surveys. But the primary challenges are candidate stops extraction from GPS data and trip ends distinction from noise. This paper develops a Resident Travel Survey System (RTSS) for GPS data collection and travel diary verification, and then uses a two-step method to identify trip ends. In the first step, a density-based spatio-temporal clustering algorithm is proposed to extract candidate stops from trajectories. In the second step, a random forest model is applied to distinguish trip ends from mode transfer points. Results show that the clustering algorithm achieves a precision of 96.2%, a recall of 99.6%, mean absolute error of time within 3?min, and average offset distance within 30 meters. The comprehensive accuracy of trip ends identification is 99.2%. The two-step method performs well in trip ends identification and promotes the efficiency of travel survey systems.     

基于手机应用程序的Telematics解决方案安全策略分析

介绍一种利用蓝牙控制器和手机应用程序进行车辆数据交互的Telematics解决方案,并对该方案的整体安全策略进行分析。经过小批量装车试运行,结果证明该设计方案有效合理,效果令人满意。     

手机操作类型对驾驶人跟车行为的影响（双语出版）

为了探究行车过程中手机使用模式对驾驶人跟车行为的影响,依据功能类型及使用模式将手机操作分为8类,利用驾驶模拟器开展试验,提取跟车速度、跟车间距、车头时距、横向偏移距离、方向盘转角5项指标表征车辆的横向、纵向运行状态,定义驾驶人的注视点分布信息熵、注视点区域分布比例、注视时长、扫视频率、扫视时长、眨眼频率、眨眼时长7项指标表征驾驶人眼动特性,分析驾驶人进行不同手机操作时的车辆运行特性与驾驶人视觉特性,并利用方差分析法验证上述指标作为驾驶人跟车行为衡量指标的有效性。应用灰色关联分析法对8类手机操作对驾驶人跟车行为的影响程度进行量化,并结合具体手机操作的分心内容、形式和动作时间,对具有相近功能的两两操作进行对比分析。结果表明：特定的手机操作行为对选取的各项车辆运行指标与驾驶人视觉特性指标有显著影响;对驾驶人跟车绩效影响由大到小的手机分心操作依次是发送文字信息、阅读文字信息、手持接听电话、发送语音信息、按键拨打电话、听取语音信息、语音拨打电话、免提接听电话,文字信息的编辑和阅读等操作对驾驶人跟车行为的影响大于其他手机操作;研究结果可帮助驾驶人明确不同手机操作对行车安全的危害程度。