Free-floating bike sharing: Solving real-life large-scale static rebalancing problems

Free-floating bike sharing (FFBS) is an innovative bike sharing model. FFBS saves on start-up cost, in comparison to station-based bike sharing (SBBS), by avoiding construction of expensive docking stations and kiosk machines. FFBS prevents bike theft and offers significant opportunities for smart management by tracking bikes in real-time with built-in GPS. However, like SBBS, the success of FFBS depends on the efficiency of its rebalancing operations to serve the maximal demand as possible.Bicycle rebalancing refers to the reestablishment of the number of bikes at sites to desired quantities by using a fleet of vehicles transporting the bicycles. Static rebalancing for SBBS is a challenging combinatorial optimization problem. FFBS takes it a step further, with an increase in the scale of the problem. This article is the first effort in a series of studies of FFBS planning and management, tackling static rebalancing with single and multiple vehicles. We present a Novel Mixed Integer Linear Program for solving the Static Complete Rebalancing Problem. The proposed formulation, can not only handle single as well as multiple vehicles, but also allows for multiple visits to a node by the same vehicle. We present a hybrid nested large neighborhood search with variable neighborhood descent algorithm, which is both effective and efficient in solving static complete rebalancing problems for large-scale bike sharing programs.Computational experiments were carried out on the 1 Commodity Pickup and Delivery Traveling Salesman Problem (1-PDTSP) instances used previously in the literature and on three new sets of instances, two (one real-life and one general) based on Share-A-Bull Bikes (SABB) FFBS program recently launched at the Tampa campus of University of South Florida and the other based on Divvy SBBS in Chicago. Computational experiments on the 1-PDTSP instances demonstrate that the proposed algorithm outperforms a tabu search algorithm and is highly competitive with exact algorithms previously reported in the literature for solving static rebalancing problems in SBSS. Computational experiments on the SABB and Divvy instances, demonstrate that the proposed algorithm is able to deal with the increase in scale of the static rebalancing problem pertaining to both FFBS and SBBS, while deriving high-quality solutions in a reasonable amount of CPU time.     

高职高专中药炮制技术课程数字化教学资源的构建与运用——以郑州铁路职业技术学院中药专业为例

数字化信息化教学模式已经逐渐发展为高职高专教学的主流,为了适应数字化信息化教学模式的变化,郑州铁路职业技术学院依托信息化教学平台,通过构建中药炮制技术课程数字化资源,建设了微课、PPT、在线题库等数字资源,以线上线下相结合的混合教学模式,激发了学生学习的积极性和热情,丰富并提高了师生互动的方式和频率,达到了提高教学质量的目的。     

冰区加强大型商船推进系统研究

本文介绍传统推进系统和吊舱推进系统的特点,并根据中船重工船舶设计研究中心研究的11万吨级极地原油船模实验结果及柴油机、电力推进的性能特性,结合冰区航行对推进系统的特殊要求,对比分析得出冰区航行采用吊舱推进系统的优势。     

中医理论的经济学应用初探

简述了中医精气神学说,结合经济学知识提出了企业的精气神概念;对企业主要职能部门作了五行分形,利用五行相生相克分析了各功能区的相互依存与制约关系.     

计算机网络技术的军事应用与发展

国外计算机网络技术在现代战争中发挥着越来越重要的作用。文章介绍了计算机网络技术的发展历程以及装备的研制、改进情况,指出了在现代战争中发展计算机网络技术的优势和重要性,重点探讨了几种计算机网络技术的性能及其特点,并论述了计算机网络技术的发展动向与分析。     

国外网络中心战技术的发展动向与分析

国外网络中心战技术在现代战争中发挥着越来越重要的作用。通过介绍网络中心战技术的发展历程以及装备的研制、改进情况,指出了在现代战争中发展网络中心战技术的优势和重要性,重点探讨了几种网络中心战技术的性能及其特点,最后论述了网络中心战技术的发展动向与分析。     

浅议中国传统设计中的“须弥山世界”

阐述了佛教世界观以须弥山为中心的基本模型；分析了在佛教文献、绘画、礼仪中对于佛教世界观的符号化表现。在此基础上进一步通过对中国传统建筑、器物造型设计的分析与中西方设计思想比较，解释了佛教世界观对传统设计的影响。对于设计文脉的发展研究有一定的启示意义。     

非对称建筑荷载作用下小净距隧道施工模拟分析

在非对称建筑荷载作用下,采用CRD法和预留核心土弧形导坑法两种施工开挖方案,对小净距隧道的施工过程进行了数值模拟研究.对两种施工方案的洞室周边竖向变形、地中围岩变形和洞室周边的围岩应力进行了对比分析,揭示了非对称建筑荷载作用下两种方案的洞室周边竖向变形规律和变形规律的相似性,获得了地中围岩变形的变化规律,对信息化反馈施工,指出了必须重点监控与关注的位置.     

铁路既有繁忙干线货运产品布局优化模型及算法

采用节点拆分的方式构建了既有繁忙干线货运产品网络，在此基础上按运输需求的特征对其分类并借鉴服务网络设计的思想，设计了既有繁忙干线铁路货运产品布局优化模型，采用免疫克隆变邻域搜索算法对模型进行求解，最后采用算例对模型和算法进行验证分析，测试结果表明模型和算法具有较好的适用性．     

The future of road safety: A worldwide perspective

Estimates by the World Health Organization suggest that, on a yearly basis, road crashes kill 1.25 million people—nearly 3400 road fatalities per day—and injure up to 50 million. Traffic injuries are not equally spread over the world, however; some countries are hit harder than others, and the chance of being killed in a road crash depends on where one lives. Almost 90% of all traffic casualties occur in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). Globally, the number of fatalities per 100,000 population (mortality rate) ranges from less than 3 to almost 40. The rate is less than 9 in high-income countries (HIC) but averages around 20 in LMIC, with the African region demonstrating the highest rate (26.6). While road safety trends have been positive in HIC over the last few decades, trends in LMIC are not telling a positive story: road fatalities are expected to increase to almost 2 million road fatalities per year by 2020.The United Nations has adopted several resolutions on road safety and proposes actions to tackle the global road safety crisis. Considering the current level of road safety to be unacceptable, the UN has taken several initiatives. One effort, the Decade of Action for Road Safety 2011–2020, has generated substantial activity around the world over the last couple of years. Furthermore, it is very encouraging that the UN included road safety in the Sustainable Development Goals that it laid out in September 2015. Road safety is part of the public health agenda and the urban development agenda. Measured in “real actions,” however, the responses so far from the overall global community and individual countries do not suggest that we are already on the right track to bringing down the death toll on roads.The future of road safety is uncertain and definitely not the same for all regions of the world. Countries with a mature road safety approach and an ambition to make further progress are expected to move in the direction of a pro-active approach: a Safe System approach. It is reported that many LMIC, meanwhile, are on the brink of designing road safety strategies and implementing action plans. The international community is willing to support LMIC, but LMIC cannot simply copy successful HIC strategies because local circumstances differ. The principles of successful HIC strategies are applicable, but the priorities and action plans should take root in and align with local conditions.