北京轨道交通站点周边步行空间连续性影响因素分析

以北京三环到四环片区的70个轨道交通站点为样本,从宏观层面步行网络的整体度和微观层面步行路径的通畅度两大层面分析站点周边步行空间的连续性,借助卫星图观测、地图标记及实地勘察等方法探寻其主导问题及影响因素.研究表明:北京城区站点周边步行网络整体度受主干道、快速路、高架桥三者影响最大,河流和铁路次之,少部分站点受轨道交通高...     

基于多项Logit模型的轨道交通站点步行接驳范围

在分析步行环境、出行时间、出行费用等出行特征影响因素的基础上,运用多项Logit模型建立了居民出行方式选择模型,根据效用相当原则确定城市轨道交通步行接驳范围。根据某城市的某个轨道交通站点的调查数据,利用本文提出的方法计算该站点的步行接驳范围,与传统的接驳范围经验取值及意向调查结果进行比较,发现计算结果与调查统计结果较为一致。计算结果表明,该计算方法是有效合理的,能够为城市轨道交通站点的规划、选址和评价提供依据。     

Challenges and Benefits in the Design of Coastal Walking and Cycling Amenities: Toward a More Integrated Coastal Management Approach

The planning and development of pedestrian and cycling amenities in coastal urban environments is a challenging process because a wide range of policies and considerations must be taken into account. Among these, the concepts of sustainability and more recently, resilience, have been gaining prominence. Green Infrastructure design approaches can integrate aspects of both sustainability and resilience, providing multiple services within single development projects. This study focuses on Dublin and examines a range of amenity projects at various stages of development that relate to the provision of new coastal walking and/or cycle routes. These are initially contextualized at the city level before focusing specifically on challenges and benefits associated with the design and implementation of such projects. Based on our findings, recommendations are made for optimizing the potential of future projects to effectively integrate with other initiatives so as to deliver broader policy objectives. A simple sequential model is presented that should assist developers and decision-makers to take a more integrated, multidisciplinary approach to meeting policy goals when planning and developing coastal amenities. Finally, this is remodeled into a set of considerations that are generally applicable to coastal development proposals of significant scale.     

Non-commuters: the people who walk to work or work at home

The paper focuses on the socioeconomic characteristics of workers at home and those who walk to work and these are compared with commuters (those who travel to work by motorized transportation). Understanding of such characteristics of these people is useful for purposes of designing policies that encourage these forms of "travel" to work, if it is believed desirable for planning or environmental purposes. For example, subsidizing public transportation may also have an impact on the proclivity to work at home or walk to work. Using a large census data set for Israel, separate subsamples are analyzed for heads of household and for their spouses. Metropolitan areas as well as peripheral urbanized areas are analyzed separately. Logit analysis is used to identify those variables that affect the likelihood of different groups of people to walk to work or to work at home.It is shown that walkers to work tend to be lower-income, less-educated people with lower asset ownership rates. Females are overrepresented amongst them, while "high-status" professionals are underrepresented. Workers at home appear to be a more complex group. They tend to have higher levels of education and wealth than commuters, but earn less on average. They include proportionately more females. The likelihood of working at home increases with home size and with ownership of some durable goods. The workers at home may in fact be comprised of two or more differing groups with contrasting characteristics, one higher-income and higher-educated, the other with lower socio-economic indicators. Because they may be a heterogeneous group, development of planning policies to encourage non-vehicle commuting may require different policy tools for the different subgroups.     

收折式可行走架空支承平台施工技术应用

收折式可行走架空支承平台施工技术可以降低成本,缩短施工周期,加快施工进度,并不影响被跨越的公路或铁路的正常通行。     

Research on the pipeline walking caused by cyclic increasing soil friction for free deep-sea submarine pipelines laid on even seabed

Pipelines are important to offshore oil and gas development, but suffers from the pipeline walking phenomenon due to cyclic temperature variations—where large axial walking distances threaten the safety of pipeline systems. Current research indicates that pipeline walking is triggered by steel catenary riser (SCR) tension, seabed slopes, or thermal transients. This paper proposes a new driving mechanism for the pipeline walking phenomenon, involving cyclic hardening soil strength. The finite element analysis method was adopted to analyse the soil friction difference induced walking phenomenon, and the influence of key parameters on the gain in soil friction on walking distance was studied. Pipeline walking distances under different drainage conditions in the heating and cooling processes were also calculated, and the impact of the degree of drainage in the heating process was determined. To better understand the new pipeline walking mechanism, theoretical analysis of the walking behaviour under different cyclic soil friction conditions was carried out. Analytical solutions for estimating the pipeline walking distance were also provided, based on the simplified theoretical analysis.     

步行环境对轨道交通站点接驳范围的影响分析

为研究轨道交通站点对步行出行者的吸引范围,分析影响步行出行者的各种主要道路步行环境和设施,如步行服务水平、路网形式、过街设施等.将定性因素均转化为可测量的变量,并运用经济学中的Logit方法建立模型,定出模型特性变量,确定轨道交通站点的步行接驳范围.将调查结果与传统的接驳范围进行比较,发现步行环境的好坏将直接影响轨道交通站点对步行客流的吸引程度.     

步行荷载作用下楼板振动响应分析

根据步行荷载曲线,采用APDL参数化语言编程,模拟单人步行,着重数值分析步行荷载特性,比较不同傅立叶级数项对结构响应的不同贡献,讨论其合理的计算取值;并研究不同步行频率作用下,楼板振动响应的规律.结果表明：合理选取傅立叶级数项,对步行荷载作用下楼板振动响应的正确评估至关重要.楼板振动响应的大小,主要取决于步行频率与楼板基频之间的关系.     

基于旅客步行距离的停机位均衡优化指派建模

针对机场停机位指派问题,从旅客服务质量角度出发,以缩短机场旅客步行总距离和均衡各航空公司的旅客平均步行距离为目标,建立停机位指派优化模型.采用Lingo软件对国内某大型机场的停机位指派进行仿真验证.结果表明：旅客步行总距离会影响航空公司间公平性;与随机指派相比较,该模型能同时缩短旅客步行总距离和提高航空公司公平性.     

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对地铁换乘走行时间的准确查定是研究线路间列车合理衔接、减少换乘等待时间的前提,本文从统计的角度对地铁换乘通道乘客走行时间规律进行了研究。首先分析了影响走行时间的因素,设计了推断乘客走行时间规律的抽样试验方法。采用该方法,选择北京地铁5号线的5个换乘站进行了抽样调查。通过对东单站5号线换乘1号线通道样本的分析,得出乘客走行时间近似服从对数正态分布、拥挤对分布均值和方差影响显著的结论。接下来分析了分布函数参数的影响因素,在综合考虑通道实际长度和通道内设施影响程度后提出换算长度概念。通过对10个换乘通道的回归分析,表明走行时间均值与通道换算长度在一定范围内二次相关。