加注LNG燃料的船舶安全管理措施研究

为给液化天然气(LNG)动力船舶的安全管理体系建立提供参考,文章从LNG燃料加注5种模式比较及加注注意事项、LNG翻滚和间歇泉的原因及措施、LNG泄漏及火灾的对策等方面进行研究。结果表明:不同气源的LNG分开储存并采取合适的进料方式可预防LNG翻滚;需预置接液盘、水幕和护板等预防LNG泄漏,若泄漏发生,可视情采用贴堵法或塞堵法,同时配合使用水幕系统;LNG着火时,可综合运用水幕隔离、消防冷却、泡沫覆盖和干粉灭火。此外,向上实心锥形水幕控制LNG扩散效果最好,且水幕高度需高于云团2倍以上;高倍泡沫可明显降低LNG的挥发,但对最小有效淹没深度有要求;干粉降低池火最高温度明显,使用时需喷洒到火焰根部。

On Safety Management Measures for LNG-fueled Ship

This paper presents the comparison of five fuel-filling modes for Liquefied Natural Gas(LNG)with their bunkering notices,the causes and measures of the LNG rollover and geyser,the countermeasures for the LNG leakage and fire,in order to provide reference for the establishment of the safety management system of LNG-fueled ships.The results show that the LNG rollover can be prevented by separate storage of LNG from the different gas sources and appropriate feeding method.The tray,water curtain and guard board being placed in advance are good precautions for the leakage of LNG,and pasting or plugging method could be adopted in conjunction with the water curtain system according to the situation in the existence of the leakage of LNG.The water curtain isolating,fire-fighting cooling,foam covering and dry powder extinguishing methods should be used comprehensively when LNG is on fire.In addition,the upward full-cone spray water curtain is the best way to control the diffusion of LNG,requiring a height of water curtain higher than twice that of the LNG cloud.However,the high-expansion foam can significantly reduce the volatilization of LNG,but has the requirement of minimum effective depth of submergence.And there is a remarkable decrease of the highest temperature of the pool fire by spraying the dry powder to the root of the flame.