广州市地面塌陷特征与防治对策的研究

研究目的:本文在对广州市地质灾害调查与区划成果研究的基础上,进一步分析和探讨地面塌陷形成类型、分布特征、诱发原因,并提出预防措施与对策。其目的为采取主动防治措施,避免和减轻致灾地质作用给人民生命财产造成的损失,维护社会稳定,保障生态环境安全,为国民经济可持续发展提供科学决策依据。研究结论:近30年来广州市地面塌陷呈波浪式上升态势,有较明显的时空分布规律性。人为因素和强降雨是地面塌陷的主要诱发因素,每年集中发生在汛期4～10月份;岩溶塌陷主要分布在广花盆地内的花都区、白云区和从化市等隐伏岩溶区,工程地面塌陷主要分布在广州市主城区;地下工程的挖土和抽排地下水都直接引起地面塌陷,一般与工程量和工程强度成正比。统筹规划、科学选址,结构调整、合理布局是地面塌陷的防治措施与对策。

Research on Ground Collapse Characteristics of Guangzhou and Control Countermeasures

Research purposes: Based on the research on the investigation of the geological disaster of Guangzhou and the result of the regional planing,the further analysis and discussion are made on the types,the distribution characteristics and the causes for the ground collapse of Guangzhou,and the control countermeasures are offered for the purposes of providing the basis for scientific decision-making in taking the active control measures,avoiding and cutting the life and asset losses caused by the geological disasters,keeping the social stability,protecting ecological environment safety and promoting the sustainable development of the national economy. Research conclusions:For the last 30 years,the ground collapse of Guangzhou has been in the wave raising state with the obvious space-time distribution regulations.The human factor and heavy rain are main reasons for the ground collapse and they centrally happen in flood period from April to October.The karst collapses mainly happen in the hidden karst areas of the Huadu District,Baiyun District and Chonghua City within the Guanghua Basin.The ground collapse caused engineering mainly happens in the main city proper of Guangzhou.The underground excavation and pumping underground water can cause the ground collapses and they are proportional to the engineering volume and engineering strength.The plan as a whole,scientific site selection,adjusting structure and reasonable arrangement are the control countermeasures for the ground collapse.