青岛胶州湾海底隧道总体设计与施工

海底隧道修建在我国处于起步阶段，没有规范和成熟的经验可以借鉴。为了科学、安全、经济地建设青岛胶州湾隧道，为我国海底隧道建设积累经验和规范的编制奠定基础，从工程调研类比分析、理论计算分析、室内试验、现场试验、工程实践等方面对胶州湾海底隧道进行系统的科学研究，对跨海通道的型式（轮渡、环湾高速公路、大桥、隧道）进行比较分析，得出以下结论： 1）总结出海底隧道全〖HJ2.5mm〗天候、经济运行的优点； 2）得出三车道海底隧道最小岩石覆盖层厚度25 m、线净间距一倍洞径和最大纵坡4%等总体设计关键参数； 3）得出采用复合式衬砌、多心圆椭圆型的合理断面和支护参数； 4）采用“以堵为主、限量排放”的防排水方案，限排标准为04 m3/(d•m)，保证了结构安全和最小排水量； 5）采用控制爆破保护围岩、多重防腐锚杆、C35湿喷高性能混凝土、C50耐久性混凝土等系统耐久性设计，预测使用寿命超过120年； 6）采用超前钻3～5个钻孔进行超前探水结合地质素描、物探等手段的综合超前地质预报，查明了工程地质和地下水情况； 7）采用凿岩台车、湿喷混凝土机械手等大型机械全断面或台阶法的快速安全施工方法以及综合的防塌方涌水技术措施等，保证了施工安全。

Design and Construction of Jiaozhou Bay Subsea Tunnel in Qingdao

There are neither standards nor experience related to subsea tunnel construction in China Systematical study has been made on Jiaozhou Bay subsea tunnel in Qingdao in terms of project feasibility study, theoretical calculation analysis, indoor testing, field testing and engineering practice, and comparative analysis has been made on different sea crossing solutions Conclusions drawn are as follows: 1) Advantages of subsea tunnels have been summarized 2) Key design parameters of subsea tunnels, such as 25 m minimum rock overburden thickness for of 3 lane subsea tunnels, 1 time tunnel diameter for clearance between twin tubes and 4% for maximum(longitudinal gradient, are obtained 3) Complex lining, multi center oval shaped tunnel cross section and support parameters are obtained 4) The structural safety and minimum water discharge have been guaranteed by adopting the principle of “stopping the leaking water, with limited water discharging”, and the limited water discharging criteria is 04 m3/(d•m) 5) Technologies, such as controlled blasting, multiple anticorrosion rock bolt, C35 wet sprayed high performance concrete, and C50 durable concrete, are used in the durability design The predicted service life of the tunnel is over 120 years 6) The geological conditions and ground water conditions are predicted by means of advance water detection technology combined with geological sketching and geophysical prospecting 7) The construction safety has been guaranteed by adopting rapid and safe tunnel construction technologies, such as full face excavation method or bench cut method, and collapse and water inflow prevention technologies