Optimal development of alternative fuel station networks considering node capacity restrictions |
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Affiliation: | 1. Fraunhofer Institute for Systems and Innovation Research ISI, Breslauer Strasse 48, 76139 Karlsruhe, Germany;2. Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hertzstrasse 16, 76187 Karlsruhe, Germany;3. Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Kaiserstraße 89, 76133 Karlsruhe, Germany |
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Abstract: | A potential solution to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the transport sector is the use of alternative fuel vehicles (AFV). As global GHG emission standards have been in place for passenger cars for several years, infrastructure modelling for new AFV is an established topic. However, as the regulatory focus shifts towards heavy-duty vehicles (HDV), the market diffusion of AFV-HDV will increase as will planning the relevant AFV infrastructure for HDV. Existing modelling approaches need to be adapted, because the energy demand per individual refill increases significantly for HDV and there are regulatory as well as technical limitations for alternative fuel station (AFS) capacities at the same time. While the current research takes capacity restrictions for single stations into account, capacity limits for locations (i.e. nodes) – the places where refuelling stations are built such as highway entries, exits or intersections – are not yet considered. We extend existing models in this respect and introduce an optimal development for AFS considering (station) location capacity restrictions. The proposed method is applied to a case study of a potential fuel cell heavy-duty vehicle AFS network. We find that the location capacity limit has a major impact on the number of stations required, station utilization and station portfolio variety. |
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Keywords: | Alternative fuel vehicle Infrastructure Capacity restriction Heavy-duty vehicles Fuel cell Hydrogen refuelling network AF-HDV" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" k0040" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" Alternative Fuel Heavy Duty Vehicle FC-HDV" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" k0050" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" Fuel Cell Heavy Duty Vehicle BEV" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" k0060" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" Battery Electric Vehicle DDM" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" k0070" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" Hydrogen Demand Determination Model FCEV" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" k0080" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle FCH" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" k0090" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" Fuel Cell and Hydrogen GHG" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" k0100" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" Greenhouse Gas Emissions H2" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" k0110" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" hydrogen HDV" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" k0120" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" Heavy Duty Vehicle HRS" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" k0130" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" Hydrogen Refueling Station ICE" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" k0140" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" Internal Combustion Engine LDV" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" k0150" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" Light Duty Vehicle LNG" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" k0160" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" Liquefied Natural Gas OD" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" k0170" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" Origin Destination OEM" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" k0180" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" Original Equipment Manufacturer PLD" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" k0190" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" Potential HRS Location Determination Model SOM" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" k0200" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" HRS Supply Optimization Model TCO" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" k0210" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" Total Cost of Ownership ttw" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" k0220" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" tank-to-wheel TRL" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" k0230" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" Technology Readiness Level |
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