自然通风隧道火灾的烟气特性和控制标准

建立自然通风隧道火灾三维数值计算模型,并应用缩尺隧道试验数据对数值模拟进行验证,采用验证过的数值计算方法对自然通风地铁区间隧道的火灾烟气特性和安全控制标准进行三维数值模拟研究。结果表明,数值模拟结果与试验结果吻合较好;孔口尺寸对隧道顶壁烟气温度、人员高度处的CO浓度和能见度的影响较大,但对人员高度处的温度几乎没有影响;在隧道火灾4种安全控制标准中,人员高度处的能见度起主要控制作用。

Fire smoke performance and its control criteria in tunnel with natural ventilation mode

The 3-d numerical simulation model of tunnel fires with natural ventilation was developed and the model was verified with the reduced-scale experimental data.This paper applied the validated numerical simulation model to investigate the smoke characteristics and control standard of tunnel fires with natural ventilation,the result of which shows that the numerical simulation results have good agreement with the experimental data.The ventilation shaft size has a considerable effect on smoke ceiling temperature,CO concentration and the visibility at the personal head height,but has little effect on the smoke temperature at the same height.In the 4 kinds of tunnel fire safety control standards,the visibility at the personal head height plays a major role on personal escape.