高速公路限速设施对车辆燃油效率的影响研究

目前,为控制车速,我国在高速公路各路段设置了为数众多的限速设施,虽在一定程度上提高了道路交通安全,但对车辆的燃油效率和尾气排放却造成了不利的影响.为量化研究这一影响的程度,在对多条高速公路开展实地调研的基础上,分析了某一路段由于限速设施的存在而带来的车辆速度变化,继而运用车辆微观仿真软件TruckSim得到车辆在这一过程中的燃油消耗量;同时应用运行速度预测模型,计算假设限速设施不存在时车辆的行驶速度以及在这一预测车速下车辆通过同一路段的燃油消耗量,通过量化对比发现限速设施的存在成倍增加了燃油的消耗,这对控制尾气排放是极为不利的.最后提出在限速设施铺设前,应基于多种因素综合判断,全面考虑其可能带来的正负效应,真正做到科学、合理地使用限速设施.

Impact of Expressway Speed Limit Facilities on Vehicle Fuel Efficiency

In order to control the speed, numerous speed limit facilities were seated on the expressway. At a certain extent, it not only improved the traffic safety, but also caused some impact on the fuel efficiency and emissions of vehicle. In order to quantitatively study the extent of this impact, based on carrying out field research on numbers of expressways, the paper analyzes the vehicle speed changes in one road due to the presence of speed limit facilities, then uses Trucksim, the vehicle microscopic simulation software, to get the fuel consumption in this process. Meanwhile, based on running speed prediction model, the travel speed and fuel consumption of one vehicle are calculated assuming there is no speed limit facility. Through quantitative comparison, the result shows that speed facility increases fuel consumption exponen- tially, which is extremely unfavorable to exhaust emissions control. Before laying speed limit facilities, a variety of factors should be judged to consider their positive and negative effects, which will make scientif- ic and rational use of speed limit facilities.