基于交通事故深度调查数据的行人头部损伤特征研究

基于未来出行交通事故场景研究 （Future Mobile Traffic Accident Scenario Study，FASS） 数据库中135例人车碰 撞事故深度调查数据，对造成行人头部损伤的来源及车速对头部损伤来源的影响进行了统计分析。采用Spearman相关系 数检验法，建立了车辆速度区间与头部平均 MAIS 的回归模型。结果表明，行人头部致伤物主要来源于车辆，占比约 58%，其次为地面，占比约40%。行人事故中，碰撞车速对行人头部损伤来源的分布情况有一定的影响，当车速低于30 km/h时，行人头部损伤主要来源为地面，当车速为 ［30，50］ km/h时，车辆和地面对行人头部造成的损伤风险相近，当 车速高于 50 km/h时，行人头部损伤主要致伤物来源为车辆。因此，在进行交通损伤流行病学研究、交通损伤事故数据 库构建时，特别是在中低速碰撞中，应重视地面对头部造成损伤的风险。

Research on the Characteristics of Pedestrian Head Injuries Based on In-Depth Investigation of Traffic Accident Data

Based on the in-depth investigation data from 135 pedestrian accidents in the FASS database, the paper statistically analyzes the sources of pedestrian head injuries and the impact of vehicle speed on these sources. According to the Spearman correlation coefficient test method, a regression model between the vehicle speed interval and the average MAIS for head injuries is established. The results show that the primary source of pedestrian head injuries is vehicles, which account for approximately 58%, followed by the ground, which accounts for around 40%. In pedestrian accidents, the vehicle speed significantly affects the distribution of sources for pedestrian head injuries. When the vehicle speed is lower than 30 km/h, the ground tends to be the main source of pedestrian head injuries. When the vehicle speed is between 30 km/h and 50 km/h, the risk of the injuries caused by both vehicles and the ground is comparable. When the vehicle speed exceeds 50 km/h, the main source of pedestrian head injuries is vehicles. Therefore, in the study of traffic injury epidemiology and during the development of traffic injury accident databases, attention should be paid to the risk of head injuries arising from the ground, especially in the mid-to-low speed collisions.