公交车辆站停时间与乘客行为的关系

为了提高无人售票公交车辆站停时间的预测精度，探讨了乘客上、下车行为的动作序列和动作时间．研究表明：乘客密度不大于临界乘客密度时，乘客上车时间取决于付费时间且其统计均值稳定，否则取决于乘客离开付费装置的速率且随乘客密度递增呈非线性递减；乘客下车时间取决于乘客下车的速率，与乘客密度无关．基于现场观测数据建立了分别适用于秩序优先和效率优先乘客的乘客上、下车时间的统计模型．在此模型基础上，考虑驾驶员行为的时间因素，建立了无人售票公交车辆站停时间模型．算例表明，站停时间模型的计算结果与实测数据的相对误差小于20％．

Relationship between Bus Stoppage Time and Passenger Behavior

To enhance the prediction precision of self-service bus stoppage time, the action sequence and action duration of passenger boarding and alighting behaviors were investigated in order to establish a bus stoppage time model for self-service buses. The investigation shows that if passenger density is not larger than critical passenger density, the duration of passenger boarding depends on fare-paying duration and has a statistic stability, otherwise, it is a function of the passenger velocity away from the fare-paying device and decreases nonlinearly with the increase of passenger density. The duration of passenger alighting depends on the passenger alighting velocity and has no relationship to passenger density. Statistic models for boarding and alighting duration of passengers giving priority to order and efficiency respectively were set up from field data. Based on the statistic models, a bus stoppage time model for self-service buses was established by considering driver behaviors. Numerical examples show that the relative error between calculational bus stoppage time using the bus stoppage time model and field data is less than 20%.