首次海上发射获得成功

  目的  随着航天技术的快速发展，海上发射成为未来的发展趋势之一，而运行在大气中的飞行器时常会遭遇到雷击，严重时会造成机载设备损坏。  方法  针对该问题，建立飞行器表面无缝隙和有缝隙2个模型，使用CST软件中的传输线矩阵法研究雷击情况下2种飞行器模型的感应电场和磁场、表面电流和线缆感应电流的分布规律；研究飞行器内部线缆不同长度情况下线缆感应电流的变化。  结果  结果显示，对于同一个飞行器模型，轴向同一位置的表面电场和磁场与内部电场和磁场不仅在感应峰值上有差别，电场和磁场的变化趋势也有很大的不同；缝隙对飞行器表面电场和磁场变化的影响不大，但对飞行器内部的影响很明显；飞行器上的缝隙对线缆感应电流的影响巨大，相比于有缝隙模型，无缝隙模型中的单线感应电流峰值降低了1 000倍，同轴线电流峰值也降低了15倍。  结论  所得结果对于理清雷电对飞行器的电磁效应，进而开展下一步的雷电防护工作具有一定的借鉴意义。

Discussion on protecting technologies of ship-based missiles against electromagnetic interference

  Objectives  With the rapid development of space technology, launching aircraft at sea has gradually become a future development trend. Aircraft flying in the atmosphere will sometimes encounter lightning strikes, which can cause damage to airborne equipment.  Methods  In response to this issue, two aircraft models (one with a gap and one with no gap) are built. Based on the CST transmission line matrix method, the induced electric and magnetic fields, surface current and induced current distribution of the cables of the two aircraft models are studied. At the same time, the changes in induced current in cables of different lengths are studied.  Results  For the same aircraft model, the surface electric and magnetic fields and internal electric and magnetic fields at the same axial position are not only different in induction peak value but also in change trend. The gap has little effect on the surface electric and magnetic fields of the aircraft, but the influence is particularly obvious inside the aircraft. The gap of the aircraft has a great influence on the induced current of the cable. Compared with the model with a gap, the single wire induced current peak of the model with no gap decreased by 1 000 times, and the current peak of the coaxial wire decreased by 15 times.  Conclusions  The research results of this paper can provide references for understanding the electromagnetic effect of lightning strikes on aircraft, and the results will be helpful for carrying out the next step in lightning protection work.