大型工程项目低标价高造价的形成机理分析

在工程项目建设过程中,低标价中标而最终导致高造价的现象有其内在的必然性。中标机会大小影响报价变动。低价中标预示业主取得了“超额利益”,导致建设期间业主与承包商存在利益上的先对抗、后妥协的“对抗-妥协”关系。承包商进场后,业主风险损失系数变大而趋向于“妥协”,以利项目按时完工。“对抗-妥协”关系存在动态平衡点,但双方在争夺利益的过程中均付出了代价,资源被无形消耗。动态平衡点的计算也存在陷阱,用错也使造价大幅提升。本文运用数学模型分析了其中的机理,并提出了防范和改变这种局面的建议,可应用于大型工程项目管理。

Mechanism Analyses of Low Bid Price but High Cost in Large Engineering Project

During large engineering project construction,the phenomenon which the low bid price often leads to high cost has its own inevitability.The chance of acceptance of the bid affects the quoted price.The acceptance of the low bid price presages that the project owner would gain excess profits.In construction that will leads owner and contractors to form an antagonistic relationship at beginning,then come to term gradually,namely "antagonism to concession " relationship between owner and contractors.After contractors enter the building site,the losing risk coefficient turns to greater and tends to concession in order to ensure the project completed at the plan time."Antagonism to concession" relationship between owner and contractors has a fluctuanting balanced point,but at the process in which owner and contractors fight for profits,the resources are invisibly consumed. The phenomenon is analyzed with mathematics model,and some suggestions applied to management of large engineering project which will avoid the phenomenon are given.