单频GPS进行高精度线路测量和有轨车辆定位的有效方法

轨道线路测量和有轨车辆的定位常采用GPS定位技术。利用GPS单频接收机实现高精度快速定位的关键是提高GPS单频相位模糊度解算的效率和成功率。基于轨道线路垂直方向变化不大和有轨车辆沿一定线路行驶的特点,提出一种有效的单频相位模糊度解算方法。对GPS单频接收机提供的定位观测值进行粗差探测、修正和剔除等数据预处理,用低噪声和低多路径效应的载波相位观测值对码伪距观测值进行平滑处理,再用附加约束的方法估计双差模糊度实数解,以此为基础进行模糊度搜索固定。算例显示,该方法可提高模糊度实数解估计的精度和可靠性,缩小模糊度的搜索空间,使模糊度解算效率和成功率得到提高,有利于单频GPS接收机在高精度的线路测量和有轨车辆的定位中得到更广泛的应用。

An Efficient Technique for High Precise Line Surveying and Positioning of the Orbital Vehicle by Using GPS Single Frequency Receiver

The surveying of the orbit line and the positioning of the orbital vehicle often utilize GPS positioning technique.The key is to improve the efficiency and the success rate in resolving GPS phase integer ambiguity while applying GPS single frequency receivers to implement high precise fast positioning.Based on the characteristics that the undulations in the vertical direction of the trajectory are small and the orbital vehicle runs along fixed-trajectory,an efficient technique is developed to resolve this key program.Data preprocessing is made for the observations which obtained from GPS single frequency receivers,such as detecting,correcting or eliminating the outlier observations.The carrier phase observations which own low noise and low multipath errors is used to smooth the code observations.Constraint technique is utilized to calculate the float solution of the double difference phase ambiguity.At last,the integer cycle ambiguities are searched and fixed based on the float solution and obtain the positioning result.The results of the experiments indicate that the technique can facilitate the accuracy of the float solution of the phase ambiguity.Through the technique,the search space of the phase integer ambiguity is reduced,and the efficiency and the success rate are improved.Therefore,the approach is helpful to the wider applications of GPS single frequency receivers in the line surveying and the positioning of the vehicle which moves along the fixed-trajectory.