多灾害作用下桥梁设计方法研究综述

为推进综合考虑多灾害作用桥梁设计理论的发展，综述了多灾害作用下桥梁设计方法在国内外的研究进展。首先梳理了考虑多灾害作用开展桥梁设计的起源与发展脉络，在此基础上明确了多灾害的概念内涵及灾害组合模式，着重介绍了基于性能设计方法的原理及其在桥梁结构抗灾设计中的应用，讨论了考虑寿命期性能退化以及基于全寿命成本分析的桥梁抗灾设计方法，最后提出了现有研究存在的问题和不足。研究结果表明：平衡不同灾害的设计需求以寻求最优结构性能，考虑灾害组合作用的设计需求以寻求满意结构性能是目前发展多灾害作用下桥梁设计方法的2条路径；但多灾害作用下桥梁设计方法的完整理论框架尚未系统性建立，在设计目标、标准体系、决策准则、优化方法、灾害组合等方面尚存在一些技术难题有待深入探索，基于性能及全寿命的设计理念在多灾害作用下桥梁设计过程中具有广阔应用前景。

Review of Bridge Design Method for Multiple Hazards

To improve the development of bridge design theory, including comprehensive consideration of multiple hazards, progress in the research of bridge design methods for multiple hazards is reviewed. First, the origins and research developments of bridge design methods are summarized, emphasizing the consideration of multihazard actions. Then, the concepts of multiple hazards and combination modes of hazards are explicitly specified. Moreover, the principles of a performance-based design method and its applications in bridge disaster mitigation design are specified. Next, structural performance degradation and life-cycle cost-based bridge disaster mitigation design methods are discussed. Finally, problems and shortcomings of the status of research are specified. The results indicate that, so far, there are two paths by which bridge multihazard design methods can be developed. One is to balance design demands of different hazards to seek optimal structural performance, and the other is to satisfy the design demands of hazard combination to seek acceptable structural performance. However, an integrated theory and a framework of bridge multihazard design has not yet been established systematically, and several technical challenges, such as the design objective, performance standard system, decision criteria, design optimization method, and hazard-action combination, still need to be explored in depth. Performance-based and life-cycle-based design philosophies have broad prospects for application in the field of bridge design methods for multiple hazards.