中国新能源汽车产业与技术发展现状及对策

为促进中国新能源汽车产业与技术的发展，首先从中国新能源汽车发展现状出发，对现阶段中国新能源汽车整体产业、关键零部件产业及基础配套设施等产业链重点环节发展现状进行系统的梳理，并对中国新能源汽车整车技术、动力电池技术、驱动电机技术、燃料电池技术等核心技术取得的进展进行总结。然后，通过对标国外纯电动汽车、插电式混合动力汽车、燃料电池汽车、动力电池及驱动系统的技术前沿，分析中国新能源汽车与国际先进水平之间存在的差距与不足。基于现状分析，从战略政策、核心技术、研发生产、产业体系、示范推广、产品销售6个方面对目前中国新能源汽车发展存在的问题进行深度剖析，并进一步从顶层设计、自主创新、基础支撑、产业生态、配套体系以及商业模式6个方面为中国新能源汽车未来的产业发展路径和技术突破方向提供对策建议。最后，对中国未来新能源汽车产业与技术的发展路径进行思考。研究结果表明：产业布局方面，应合理布局整车及零部件配套企业，推进企业集群化，产业集聚化；纯电动汽车应着重发展一体化电动底盘，加大新体系动力电池的研发力度；插电式混合动力汽车应重点发展高性能混合动力总成与专用发动机，以及动态协调控制技术；燃料电池汽车应以发展燃料电池电堆及关键材料为重点，同时兼顾燃料电池系统及核心部件的开发。

Current Status and Countermeasures for China's New Energy Automobile Industry and Technology Development

To promote the development of China's new energy automobile industry and technology, the current status of several key links in China's new energy automobile industrial chain, including the integrated industry of new energy vehicles, key components, and infrastructures were systematically reviewed in this article, starting from the development status of domestic new energy vehicles. In addition to the progress made in domestic new energy vehicle technology, progress in power battery technology, driving motor technology, and fuel cell technology were summarized. Next, the gaps and deficiencies in the development of new energy vehicles in China were analyzed and summarized by benchmarking the technological frontiers of international pure electric vehicles, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, fuel cell vehicles, power battery, and driving system. Based on the analysis of the current status, the existing problems in the development of new energy vehicles in China were extensively analyzed from six different aspects, namely strategic policy, core technology, research and development production, industrial system, demonstration and promotion, and product sales. Furthermore, the countermeasures and suggestions for the future industrial development of China's new energy vehicles and directions for technological breakthroughs were provided from six different aspects, namely top layer design, independent innovation, basic support, industrial ecology, support system, and business model. Finally, the development paths of domestic new energy automobile industry and technology for the future were discussed. In terms of industrial layout, enterprises dealing with vehicles and their related parts should be rationally arranged to promote enterprise clustering and industrial agglomeration. For pure electric vehicles, the development of an integrated electric chassis and the new power battery system should be prioritized. For plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, attention should be focused on high-performance hybrid powertrains and the dedicated engines and dynamic coordinated control technologies. For fuel cell vehicles, the development of fuel cell stacks and key materials should be the focus while considering the development of fuel cell systems and core components.